Library·Kaṭha Upaniṣad·1·1.1

Kaṭha Upaniṣad 1.1

कठोपनिषत् उशन् ह वै वाजश्रवसः सर्ववेदसं ददौ । तस्य ह नचिकेता नाम पुत्र आस

kaṭhopaniṣat uśan ha vai vājaśravasaḥ sarvavedasaṃ dadau / tasya ha naciketā nāma putra āsa

Vahasrava, being desirous of heavenly rewards (at the Viswajit sacrifice), made a gift of all that he possessed. He had a son by the name of Nachiketas.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

तं ह कुमारं सन्तं दक्षिणासु नीयमानासु श्रद्धाविवेश । सो ऽमन्यत

taṃ ha kumāraṃ santaṃ dakṣiṇāsu nīyamānāsu śraddhāviveśa / so 'manyata

When the offerings were being distributed, faith (Shraddha) entered (the heart of) Nachiketas, who, though young, yet resected:

Translated by Swami Paramananda

पीतोदका जग्धतृणा दुग्धदोहा निरिन्द्रियाः । अनन्दा नाम ते लोकास् तान् स गच्छति ता ददत्

pītodakā jagdhatṛṇā dugdhadohā nirindriyāḥ / anandā nāma te lokās tān sa gacchati tā dadat

These cows have drunk water, eaten grass and given milk for the last time, and their senses have lost all vigour. He who gives these undoubtedly goes to joyless realms.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

स होवाच पितरं तत कस्मै मां दास्यसीति । द्वितीयं तृतीयम् । तं होवाच मृत्यवे त्वा ददामीति

sa hovāca pitaraṃ tata kasmai māṃ dāsyasīti / dvitīyaṃ tṛtīyam / taṃ hovāca mṛtyave tvā dadāmīti

He said to his father: Dear father, to whom wilt thou give me? He said it a second time, then a third time. The father replied: I shall give thee unto Death.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

बहूनाम् एमि प्रथमो बहूनाम् एमि मध्यमः । किं स्विद् यमस्य कर्तव्यं यन् मयाद्य करिष्यति

bahūnām emi prathamo bahūnām emi madhyamaḥ / kiṃ svid yamasya kartavyaṃ yan mayādya kariṣyati

Nachiketas thought: Among many (of my father's pupils) I stand first; among many (others) I stand in the middle (but never last). What will be accomplished for my father by my going this day to Yama?

Translated by Swami Paramananda

अनुपश्य यथा पूर्वे प्रतिपश्य तथापरे । सस्यम् इव मर्त्यः पच्यते सस्यम् इवाजायते पुनः

anupaśya yathā pūrve pratipaśya tathāpare / sasyam iva martyaḥ pacyate sasyam ivājāyate punaḥ

Look back to those who lived before and look to those who live now. Like grain the mortal decays and like grain again springs up (is reborn).

Translated by Swami Paramananda

वैश्वानरः प्रविशति अतिथिर् ब्राह्मणो गृहान् । तस्यैतां शान्तिं कुर्वन्ति हर वैवस्वतोदकम्

vaiśvānaraḥ praviśati atithir brāhmaṇo gṛhān / tasyaitāṃ śāntiṃ kurvanti hara vaivasvatodakam

Like fire a Brahmana guest enters into houses. That fire is quenched by an offering. (Therefore) O Vaivaswata, bring water.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

आशाप्रतीक्षे संगतं सूनृतां च इष्टापूर्ते पुत्रपशूंश् च सर्वान् । एतद् वृङ्क्ते पुरुषस्याल्पमेधसो यस्यानश्नन् वसति ब्राह्मणो गृहे

āśāpratīkṣe saṃgataṃ sūnṛtāṃ ca iṣṭāpūrte putrapaśūṃś ca sarvān / etad vṛṅkte puruṣasyālpamedhaso yasyānaśnan vasati brāhmaṇo gṛhe

The foolish man in whose house a Brahmana guest remains without food, all his hopes and expectations, all the merit gained by his association with the holy, by his good words and deeds, all his sons and cattle, are destroyed.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

तिस्रो रात्रीर् यद् अवत्सीर् गृहे मे अनश्नन् ब्रह्मन्न् अतिथिर् नमस्यः । नमस् ते ऽस्तु ब्रह्मन् स्वस्ति मे ऽस्तु तस्मात् प्रति त्रीन् वरान् वृणीष्व

tisro rātrīr yad avatsīr gṛhe me anaśnan brahmann atithir namasyaḥ / namas te 'stu brahman svasti me 'stu tasmāt prati trīn varān vṛṇīṣva

Yama said: O Brahmana! Revered guest! My salutations to thee. As thou hast remained three nights in my house without food, therefore choose three boons, O Brahmana.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

शान्तसङ्कल्पः सुमना यथा स्याद् वीतमन्युर् गौतमो माभि मृत्यो । त्वत्प्रसृष्टं माभिवदेत् प्रतीत एतत् त्रयाणां प्रथमं वरं वृणे

śāntasaṅkalpaḥ sumanā yathā syād vītamanyur gautamo mābhi mṛtyo / tvatprasṛṣṭaṃ mābhivadet pratīta etat trayāṇāṃ prathamaṃ varaṃ vṛṇe

Nachiketas said: May Gautama, my father, be free from anxious thought (about me). May he lose all anger (towards me) and be pacified in heart. May he know and welcome me when I am sent back by thee. This, O Death, is the first of the three boons I choose.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

यथा पुरस्ताद् भविता प्रतीत औद्दालकिर् आरुणिर् मत्प्रसृष्टः । सुखं रात्रीः शयिता वीतमन्युस् त्वां ददृशिवान् मृत्युमुखात् प्रमुक्तम्

yathā purastād bhavitā pratīta auddālakir āruṇir matprasṛṣṭaḥ / sukhaṃ rātrīḥ śayitā vītamanyus tvāṃ dadṛśivān mṛtyumukhāt pramuktam

Yama replied: Through my will Auddalaki Aruni (thy father) will know thee, and be again towards thee as before. He will sleep in peace at night. He will be free from wrath when he sees thee released from the mouth of death.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

स्वर्गे लोके न भयं किंचनास्ति न तत्र त्वं न जरया बिभेति । उभे तीर्त्वा अशनायापिपासे शोकातिगो मोदते स्वर्गलोके

svarge loke na bhayaṃ kiṃcanāsti na tatra tvaṃ na jarayā bibheti / ubhe tīrtvā aśanāyāpipāse śokātigo modate svargaloke

Nachiketas said: In the realm of heaven there is no fear, thou (Death) art not there; nor is there fear of old age. Having crossed beyond both hunger and thirst and being above grief, (they) rejoice in heaven.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

स त्वम् अग्निं स्वर्ग्यम् अध्येषि मृत्यो प्रब्रूहि तं श्रद्दधानाय मह्यम् । स्वर्गलोका अमृतत्वं भजन्त एतद् द्वितीयेन वृणे वरेण

sa tvam agniṃ svargyam adhyeṣi mṛtyo prabrūhi taṃ śraddadhānāya mahyam / svargalokā amṛtatvaṃ bhajanta etad dvitīyena vṛṇe vareṇa

Thou knowest, O Death, the fire-sacrifice that leads to heaven. Tell this to me, who am full of Shraddha (faith and yearning). They who live in the realm of heaven enjoy freedom from death. This I beg as my second boon.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

प्र ते ब्रवीमि तद् उ मे निबोध स्वर्ग्यम् अग्निं नचिकेतः प्रजानन् । अनन्तलोकाप्तिम् अथो प्रतिष्ठां विद्धि त्वम् एतं निहितं गुहायाम्

pra te bravīmi tad u me nibodha svargyam agniṃ naciketaḥ prajānan / anantalokāptim atho pratiṣṭhāṃ viddhi tvam etaṃ nihitaṃ guhāyām

Yama replied: I know well that fire which leads to the realm of heaven. I shall tell it to thee. Listen to me. Know, O Nachiketas, that this is the means of attaining endless worlds and their support. It is hidden in the heart of all beings.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

लोकादिम् अग्निं तम् उवाच तस्मै या इष्टका यावतीर् वा यथा वा । स चापि तत् प्रत्यवदद् यथोक्तम् अथास्य मृत्युः पुनर् आह तुष्टः

lokādim agniṃ tam uvāca tasmai yā iṣṭakā yāvatīr vā yathā vā / sa cāpi tat pratyavadad yathoktam athāsya mṛtyuḥ punar āha tuṣṭaḥ

Yama then told him that fire-sacrifice, the beginning of all the worlds; what bricks, how many and how laid for the altar. Nachiketas repeated all as it was told to him. Then Death, being pleased with him, again said:

Translated by Swami Paramananda

तम् अब्रवीत् प्रीयमाणो महात्मा वरं तवेहाद्य ददामि भूयः । तवैव नाम्ना भवितायम् अग्निः सृङ्कां चेमाम् अनेकरूपां गृहाण

tam abravīt prīyamāṇo mahātmā varaṃ tavehādya dadāmi bhūyaḥ / tavaiva nāmnā bhavitāyam agniḥ sṛṅkāṃ cemām anekarūpāṃ gṛhāṇa

The great-soured Yama, being well pleased, said to him (Nachiketas): I give thee now another boon. This fire (sacrifice) shall be named after thee. Take also this garland of many colours.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

त्रिणाचिकेतस् त्रिभिर् एत्य सन्धिं त्रिकर्मकृत् तरति जन्ममृत्यू । ब्रह्मजज्ञं देवम् ईड्यं विदित्वा निचाय्येमां शान्तिम् अत्यन्तम् एति

triṇāciketas tribhir etya sandhiṃ trikarmakṛt tarati janmamṛtyū / brahmajajñaṃ devam īḍyaṃ viditvā nicāyyemāṃ śāntim atyantam eti

He who performs this Nachiketa fire-sacrifice three times, being united with the three (mother, father and teacher), and who fulfills the three-fold duty (study of the Vedas, sacrifice and alms-giving) crosses over birth and death. Knowing this worshipful shining fire, born of Brahman, and realizing Him, he attains eternal peace.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

त्रिणाचिकेतस् त्रयम् एतद् विदित्वा य एवं विद्वांश् चिनुते नाचिकेतम् । स मृत्युपाशान् पुरतः प्रणोद्य शोकातिगो मोदते स्वर्गलोके

triṇāciketas trayam etad viditvā ya evaṃ vidvāṃś cinute nāciketam / sa mṛtyupāśān purataḥ praṇodya śokātigo modate svargaloke

He who knows the three-fold Nachiketa fire and performs the Nachiketa fire-sacrifice with three-fold knowledge, having cast off the fetters of death and being beyond grief, he rejoices in the realm of heaven.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

एष ते ऽग्निर् नचिकेतः स्वर्ग्यो यम् अवृणीथा द्वितीयेन वरेण । एतम् अग्निं तवैव प्रवक्ष्यन्ति जनासस् तृतीयं वरं नचिकेतो वृणीष्व

eṣa te 'gnir naciketaḥ svargyo yam avṛṇīthā dvitīyena vareṇa / etam agniṃ tavaiva pravakṣyanti janāsas tṛtīyaṃ varaṃ naciketo vṛṇīṣva

O Nachiketas, this is thy fire that leads to heaven, which thou hast chosen as thy second boon. People will call this fire after thy name. Ask the third boon, Nachiketas.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

येयं प्रेते विचिकित्सा मनुष्ये अस्तीत्य् एके नायम् अस्तीति चैके । एतद् विद्याम् अनुशिष्टस् त्वयाहं वराणाम् एष वरस् तृतीयः

yeyaṃ prete vicikitsā manuṣye astīty eke nāyam astīti caike / etad vidyām anuśiṣṭas tvayāhaṃ varāṇām eṣa varas tṛtīyaḥ

Nachiketas said: There is this doubt regarding what becomes of a man after death. Some say he exists, others that he does not exist. This knowledge I desire, being instructed by thee. Of the boons this is the third boon.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

देवैर् अत्रापि विचिकित्सितं पुरा न हि सुज्ञेयम् अणुर् एष धर्मः । अन्यं वरं नचिकेतो वृणीष्व मा मोपरोत्सीर् अति मा सृजैनम्

devair atrāpi vicikitsitaṃ purā na hi sujñeyam aṇur eṣa dharmaḥ / anyaṃ varaṃ naciketo vṛṇīṣva mā moparotsīr ati mā sṛjainam

Yama replied: Even the Devas (Bright Ones) of old doubted regarding this. It is not easy to know; subtle indeed is this subject. O Nachiketas, choose another boon. Do not press me. Ask not this boon of me.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

देवैर् अत्रापि विचिकित्सितं किल त्वं च मृत्यो यन् न सुज्ञेयम् आत्थ । वक्ता चास्य त्वादृग् अन्यो न लभ्यो नान्यो वरस् तुल्य एतस्य कश्चित्

devair atrāpi vicikitsitaṃ kila tvaṃ ca mṛtyo yan na sujñeyam āttha / vaktā cāsya tvādṛg anyo na labhyo nānyo varas tulya etasya kaścit

Nachiketas said: O Death, thou sayest that even the Devas had doubts about this, and that it is not easy to know. Another teacher like unto thee is not to be found. Therefore no other boon can be equal to this one.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

शतायुषः पुत्रपौत्रान् वृणीष्व बहून् पशून् हस्तिहिरण्यम् अश्वान् । भूमेर् महद् आयतनं वृणीष्व स्वयं च जीव शरदो यावद् इच्छसि

śatāyuṣaḥ putrapautrān vṛṇīṣva bahūn paśūn hastihiraṇyam aśvān / bhūmer mahad āyatanaṃ vṛṇīṣva svayaṃ ca jīva śarado yāvad icchasi

Yama said: Ask for sons and grandsons who shall live a hundred years, many cattle, elephants, gold and horses. Ask for lands of vast extent and live thyself as many autumns as thou desirest.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

एतत् तुल्यं यदि मन्यसे वरं वृणीष्व वित्तं चिरजीविकां च । महाभूमौ नचिकेतस् त्वम् एधि कामानां त्वा कामभाजं करोमि

etat tulyaṃ yadi manyase varaṃ vṛṇīṣva vittaṃ cirajīvikāṃ ca / mahābhūmau naciketas tvam edhi kāmānāṃ tvā kāmabhājaṃ karomi

If thou thinkest of any other boon equal to this, ask for wealth and long life; be ruler over the wide earth. O Nachiketas, I shall make thee enjoyer of all desires.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

ये ये कामा दुर्लभा मर्त्यलोके सर्वान् कामांश् छन्दतः प्रार्थयस्व । इमा रामाः सरथाः सतूर्या न हीदृशा लम्भनीया मनुष्यैः । आभिर् मत्प्रत्ताभिः परिचारयस्व नचिकेतो मरणं मानुप्राक्षीः

ye ye kāmā durlabhā martyaloke sarvān kāmāṃś chandataḥ prārthayasva / imā rāmāḥ sarathāḥ satūryā na hīdṛśā lambhanīyā manuṣyaiḥ / ābhir matprattābhiḥ paricārayasva naciketo maraṇaṃ mānuprākṣīḥ

Whatsoever objects of desire are difficult to obtain in the realm of mortals, ask them all as thou desirest; these lovely maidens with their chariots and musical instruments, such as are not obtainable by mortals--be served by these whom I give to thee. O Nachiketas, do not ask regarding death.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

श्वोभावा मर्त्यस्य यद् अन्तकैतत् सर्वेन्द्रियाणां जरयन्ति तेजः । अपि सर्वं जीवितम् अल्पम् एव तवैव वाहास् तव नृत्यगीते

śvobhāvā martyasya yad antakaitat sarvendriyāṇāṃ jarayanti tejaḥ / api sarvaṃ jīvitam alpam eva tavaiva vāhās tava nṛtyagīte

Nachiketas said: O Death, these are fleeting; they weaken the vigour of all the senses in man. Even the longest life is short. Keep thou thy chariots, dance and music.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

न वित्तेन तर्पणीयो मनुष्यो लप्स्यामहे वित्तम् अद्राक्ष्म चेत् त्वा । जीविष्यामो यावद् ईशिष्यसि त्वं वरस् तु मे वरणीयः स एव

na vittena tarpaṇīyo manuṣyo lapsyāmahe vittam adrākṣma cet tvā / jīviṣyāmo yāvad īśiṣyasi tvaṃ varas tu me varaṇīyaḥ sa eva

Man cannot be satisfied by wealth. Shall we possess wealth when we see thee (Death)? Shall we continue to live as long as thou rulest? Therefore that boon alone is to be chosen by me.

Translated by Swami Paramananda

अजीर्यताम् अमृतानाम् उपेत्य जीर्यन् मर्त्यः क्वधःस्थः प्रजानन् । अभिध्यायन् वर्णरतिप्रमोदान् अतिदीर्घे जीविते को रमेत

ajīryatām amṛtānām upetya jīryan martyaḥ kvadhaḥsthaḥ prajānan / abhidhyāyan varṇaratipramodān atidīrghe jīvite ko rameta

What man dwelling on the decaying mortal plane, having approached the undecaying immortal one, and having reflected upon the nature of enjoyment through beauty and sense pleasure, would delight in long life?

Translated by Swami Paramananda

यस्मिन्न् इदं विचिकित्सन्ति मृत्यो यत् साम्पराये महति ब्रूहि नस् तत् । यो ऽयं वरो गूढम् अनुप्रविष्टो नान्यं तस्मान् नचिकेता वृणीते

yasminn idaṃ vicikitsanti mṛtyo yat sāmparāye mahati brūhi nas tat / yo 'yaṃ varo gūḍham anupraviṣṭo nānyaṃ tasmān naciketā vṛṇīte

O Death, that regarding which there is doubt, of the great Hereafter, tell us. Nachiketas asks for no other boon than that which penetrates this hidden secret.

Translated by Swami Paramananda