Library·Manu-Smrti·8

Manu-Smrti 8

न संभाषां परस्त्रीभिः प्रतिषिद्धः समाचरेत्) । निषिद्धो भाषमाणस्) तु सुवर्णं दण्डम् अर्हति) ॥

na saṃbhāṣāṃ parastrībhiḥ pratiṣiddhaḥ samācaret) | niṣiddho bhāṣamāṇas) tu suvarṇaṃ daṇḍam arhati) ||

Let no man converse with the wives of others after he has been forbidden (to do so); but he who converses (with them), in spite of a prohibition, shall be fined one suvama.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

न-एष चारणदारेषु विधिर् न-आत्मौपजीविषु । सज्जयन्ति हि ते नारीर् निगूढाश् चारयन्ति) च ॥

na-eṣa cāraṇadāreṣu vidhir na-ātma.upajīviṣu | sajjayanti hi te nārīr nigūḍhāś cārayanti) ca ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

किं चिद् एव तु दाप्यः स्यात्) संभाषां ताभिर् आचरन्) । प्रैष्यासु च-एकभक्तासु रहः प्रव्रजितासु च ॥ [म्प्रेष्यासु ]

kiṃ cid eva tu dāpyaḥ syāt) saṃbhāṣāṃ tābhir ācaran) | praiṣyāsu ca-ekabhaktāsu rahaḥ pravrajitāsu ca || [M.preṣyāsu ]

Yet he who secretly converses with such women, or with female slaves kept by one (master), and with female ascetics, shall be compelled to pay a small fine.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यो ऽअकामां दूषयेत्) कन्यां स सद्यो वधम् अर्हति) । सकामां दूषयंस्) तुल्यो न वधं प्राप्नुयान्) नरः ॥

yo 'a.kāmāṃ dūṣayet) kanyāṃ sa sadyo vadham arhati) | sa.kāmāṃ dūṣayaṃs) tulyo na vadhaṃ prāpnuyān) naraḥ ||

He who violates an unwilling maiden shall instantly suffer corporal punishment; but a man who enjoys a willing maiden shall not suffer corporal punishment, if (his caste be) the same (as hers).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

कन्याम् भजन्तीम्) उत्कृष्टं न किं चिद् अपि दापयेत्) । जघन्यं सेवमानां) तु संयतां वासयेद्) गृहे ॥

kanyām bhajantīm) utkṛṣṭaṃ na kiṃ cid api dāpayet) | jaghanyaṃ sevamānāṃ) tu saṃyatāṃ vāsayed) gṛhe ||

From a maiden who makes advances to a (man of) high (caste), he shall not take any fine; but her, who courts a (man of) low (caste), let him force to live confined in her house.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

उत्तमां सेवमानस्) तु जघन्यो वधम् अर्हति) । शुल्कं दद्यात्) सेवमानः) समाम् इच्छेत्) पिता यदि ॥

uttamāṃ sevamānas) tu jaghanyo vadham arhati) | śulkaṃ dadyāt) sevamānaḥ) samām icchet) pitā yadi ||

A (man of) low (caste) who makes love to a maiden (of) the highest (caste) shall suffer corporal punishment; he who addresses a maiden (of) equal (caste) shall pay the nuptial fee, if her father desires it.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अभिषह्य) तु यः कन्यां कुर्याद्) दर्पेण मानवः । तस्य-आशु कर्त्ये अङ्गुल्यौ दण्डं च-अर्हति) षट्शतम् ॥ [म्कर्त्या अङ्गुल्यो ]

abhiṣahya) tu yaḥ kanyāṃ kuryād) darpeṇa mānavaḥ | tasya-āśu kartye aṅgulyau daṇḍaṃ ca-arhati) ṣaṭśatam || [M.kartyā aṅgulyo ]

But if any man through insolence forcibly contaminates a maiden, two of his fingers shall be instantly cut off, and he shall pay a fine of six hundred (paṇas).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

सकामां दूषयंस्) तुल्यो न-अङ्गुलिछेदम् आप्नुयात्) । द्विशतं तु दमम् दाप्यः) प्रसङ्गविनिवृत्तये ॥

sa.kāmāṃ dūṣayaṃs) tulyo na-aṅgulichedam āpnuyāt) | dviśataṃ tu damam dāpyaḥ) prasaṅgavinivṛttaye ||

A man (of) equal (caste) who defiles a willing maiden shall not suffer the amputation of his fingers, but shall pay a fine of two hundred (paṇas) in order to deter him from a repetition (of the offence).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

कन्या-एव कन्यां या कुर्यात्) तस्याः स्याद्) द्विशतो दमः । शुल्कं च द्विगुणं दद्यात्)-शिफाश् च-एव-आप्नुयाद्) दश ॥

kanyā-eva kanyāṃ yā kuryāt) tasyāḥ syād) dviśato damaḥ | śulkaṃ ca dviguṇaṃ dadyāt)-śiphāś ca-eva-āpnuyād) daśa ||

A damsel who pollutes (another) damsel must be fined two hundred (paṇas), pay the double of her (nuptial) fee, and receive ten (lashes with a) rod.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

या तु कन्यां प्रकुर्यात्) स्त्री सा सद्यो मौण्ड्यम् अर्हति) । अङ्गुल्योर् एव वा छेदं खरेण-उद्वहनं तथा ॥

yā tu kanyāṃ prakuryāt) strī sā sadyo mauṇḍyam arhati) | aṅgulyor eva vā chedaṃ khareṇa-udvahanaṃ tathā ||

But a woman who pollutes a damsel shall instantly have (her head) shaved or two fingers cut off, and be made to ride (through the town) on a donkey.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

भर्तारं लङ्घयेद्) या तु स्त्री ज्ञातिगुणदर्पिता । तां श्वभिः खादयेद्) राजा संस्थाने बहुसंस्थिते ॥

bhartāraṃ laṅghayed) yā tu strī jñāti.guṇadarpitā | tāṃ śvabhiḥ khādayed) rājā saṃsthāne bahusaṃsthite ||

If a wife, proud of the greatness of her relatives or (her own) excellence, violates the duty which she owes to her lord, the king shall cause

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

पुमांसं दाहयेत्) पापं शयने तप्त आयसे । अभ्यादध्युश्) च काष्ठानि तत्र दह्येत) पापकृत् ॥

pumāṃsaṃ dāhayet) pāpaṃ śayane tapta āyase | abhyādadhyuś) ca kāṣṭhāni tatra dahyeta) pāpakṛt ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

संवत्सराभिशस्तस्य दुष्टस्य द्विगुणो दमः । [म्संवत्सरे ऽअभिशस्तस्य] व्रात्यया सह संवासे चाण्डाल्या तावद् एव तु ॥

saṃvatsarābhiśastasya duṣṭasya dviguṇo damaḥ | [M.saṃvatsare 'abhiśastasya] vrātyayā saha saṃvāse cāṇḍālyā tāvad eva tu ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

शूद्रो गुप्तम् अगुप्तं वा द्वैजातं वर्णम् आवसन्) । अगुप्तम् अङ्गसर्वस्वैर् गुप्तं सर्वेण हीयते) ॥ [मङ्गसर्वस्वी]

śūdro guptam aguptaṃ vā dvaijātaṃ varṇam āvasan) | aguptam aṅga.sarvasvair guptaṃ sarveṇa hīyate) || [M.aṅga.sarvasvī]

A 6Yidra who has intercourse with a woman | of a twice-born caste (vanza), guarded or unguarded, (shall be punished in the following manner): if she jA was unguarded, he loses the part (offending) and all his property; if she was guarded, everything (even his life).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

वैश्यः सर्वस्वदण्डः स्यात् संवत्सरनिरोधतः । सहस्रं क्षत्रियो दण्ड्यो मौण्ड्यं मूत्रेण च-अर्हति) ॥

vaiśyaḥ sarvasva.daṇḍaḥ syāt saṃvatsaranirodhataḥ | sahasraṃ kṣatriyo daṇḍyo mauṇḍyaṃ mūtreṇa ca-arhati) ||

(For intercourse with a guarded Brahmam) a Vaiśya shall forfeit all his property after imprisonment for a year; a Kshatriya shall be fined one thousand (paṇas) and be shaved with the urine (of an ass).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

ब्राह्मणीं यद्य् अगुप्तां तु गच्छेतां) वैश्यपार्थिवौ । वैश्यं पञ्चशतं कुर्यात्) क्षत्रियं तु सहस्रिणम् ॥

brāhmaṇīṃ yady aguptāṃ tu gacchetāṃ) vaiśya.pārthivau | vaiśyaṃ pañcaśataṃ kuryāt) kṣatriyaṃ tu sahasriṇam ||

If a Vaiśya or a Kshatriya has connexion with an unguarded Brahma/d, let him fine the Vaisya five hundred (paṇas) and the Kshatriya one thousand.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

उभाव् अपि तु ताव् एव ब्राह्मण्या गुप्तया सह । विप्लुतौ शूद्रवद् दण्ड्यौ) दग्धव्यौ) वा कटाग्निना ॥

ubhāv api tu tāv eva brāhmaṇyā guptayā saha | viplutau śūdravad daṇḍyau) dagdhavyau) vā kaṭāgninā ||

But even these two, if they offend with a

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

सहस्रं ब्राह्मणो दण्ड्यो) गुप्तां विप्रां बलाद् व्रजन्) । शतानि पञ्च दण्ड्यः स्याद्) इच्छन्त्या सह संगतः) ॥

sahasraṃ brāhmaṇo daṇḍyo) guptāṃ viprāṃ balād vrajan) | śatāni pañca daṇḍyaḥ syād) icchantyā saha saṃgataḥ) ||

A Brāhmaṇa who carnally knows a guarded Brāhmaṇī against her will, shall be fined one thousand (paṇas); but he shall be made to pay five hundred, if he had connexion with a willing one.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

मौण्ड्यं प्राणान्तिकं दण्डो ब्राह्मणस्य विधीयते) । [म्प्राणान्तको][ंऽस् चोम् रेफ़ेर्स् तो थे रेअदिन्ग् ओफ़् "प्राणान्तिक-"।] इतरेषां तु वर्णानां दण्डः प्राणान्तिको भवेत्) ॥ [म्प्राणान्तको ]

mauṇḍyaṃ prāṇāntikaṃ daṇḍo brāhmaṇasya vidhīyate) | [M.prāṇāntako][ṃ's com refers to the reading of "prāṇāntika-".] itareṣāṃ tu varṇānāṃ daṇḍaḥ prāṇāntiko bhavet) || [M.prāṇāntako ]

Tonsure (of the head) is ordained for a Brāhmaṇa (instead of) capital punishment; but (men of) other castes shall suffer capital punishment.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

न जातु ब्राह्मणं हन्यात्) सर्वपापेष्व् अपि स्थितम् । राष्ट्राद् एनं बहिः कुर्यात्) समग्रधनम् अक्षतम् ॥

na jātu brāhmaṇaṃ hanyāt) sarvapāpeṣv api sthitam | rāṣṭrād enaṃ bahiḥ kuryāt) samagra.dhanam a.kṣatam ||

Let him never slay a Brāhmaṇa, though he have committed all (possible) crimes; let him banish such an (offender), leaving all his property (to him) and (his body) unhurt.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

न ब्राह्मणवधाद् भूयान् अधर्मो विद्यते) भुवि । तस्माद् अस्य वधं राजा मनसा-अपि न चिन्तयेत्) ॥

na brāhmaṇavadhād bhūyān adharmo vidyate) bhuvi | tasmād asya vadhaṃ rājā manasā-api na cintayet) ||

No greater crime is known on earth than slaying a Brāhmaṇa; a king, therefore, must not even conceive in his mind the thought of killing a Brāhmaṇa.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

वैश्यश् चेत् क्षत्रियां गुप्तां वैश्यां वा क्षत्रियो व्रजेत्) । यो ब्राह्मण्याम् अगुप्तायां ताव् उभौ दण्डम् अर्हतः) ॥

vaiśyaś cet kṣatriyāṃ guptāṃ vaiśyāṃ vā kṣatriyo vrajet) | yo brāhmaṇyām aguptāyāṃ tāv ubhau daṇḍam arhataḥ) ||

If a Vaiśya approaches a guarded female of the Kshatriya caste, or a Kshatriya a (guarded) Vaiiya woman, they both deserve the same punishment as in the case of an unguarded Brāhmaṇa female.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

सहस्रं ब्राह्मणो दण्डं दाप्यो) गुप्ते तु ते व्रजन्) । शूद्रायां क्षत्रियविशोः साहस्रो वै भवेद्) दमः ॥ [म्शूद्राया]

sahasraṃ brāhmaṇo daṇḍaṃ dāpyo) gupte tu te vrajan) | śūdrāyāṃ kṣatriya.viśoḥ sāhasro vai bhaved) damaḥ || [M.śūdrāyā]

A Brāhmaṇa shall be compelled to pay a fine of one thousand (paṇas) if he has intercourse with guarded (females of) those two (castes); for (offending with) a (guarded).Sudra female a fine of one thousand (paṇas shall be inflicted) on a Kshatriya or a Vaiśya.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

क्षत्रियायाम् अगुप्तायां वैश्ये पञ्चशतं दमः । मूत्रेण मौण्ड्यम् इच्छेत्) तु क्षत्रियो दण्डम् एव वा ॥ [मृच्छेत्) तु]

kṣatriyāyām aguptāyāṃ vaiśye pañcaśataṃ damaḥ | mūtreṇa mauṇḍyam icchet) tu kṣatriyo daṇḍam eva vā || [M.ṛcchet) tu]

For (intercourse with) an unguarded Kshatriya a fine of fivQ hundred (paṇas shall fall) on a

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अगुप्ते क्षत्रियावैश्ये शूद्रां वा ब्राह्मणो व्रजन्) । शतानि पञ्च दण्ड्यः स्यात्) सहस्रं त्व् अन्त्यजस्त्रियम् ॥

agupte kṣatriyā.vaiśye śūdrāṃ vā brāhmaṇo vrajan) | śatāni pañca daṇḍyaḥ syāt) sahasraṃ tv antyajastriyam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

यस्य स्तेनः पुरे न-अस्ति) न-अन्यस्त्रीगो न दुष्टवाक् । न साहसिकदण्डघ्नो स राजा शक्रलोकभाक् ॥

yasya stenaḥ pure na-asti) na-anyastrīgo na duṣṭa.vāk | na sāhasika.daṇḍaghno sa rājā śakralokabhāk ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

एतेषां निग्रहो राज्ञः पञ्चानां विषये स्वके । सांराज्यकृत् सजात्येषु लोके च-एव यशस्करः ॥

eteṣāṃ nigraho rājñaḥ pañcānāṃ viṣaye svake | sāṃrājyakṛt sajātyeṣu loke ca-eva yaśaskaraḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

ऋत्विजं यस् त्यजेद्) याज्यो याज्यं च र्त्विक् त्यजेद्) यदि । शक्तं कर्मण्य् अदुष्टं च तयोर् दण्डः शतं शतम् ॥

ṛtvijaṃ yas tyajed) yājyo yājyaṃ ca rtvik tyajed) yadi | śaktaṃ karmaṇy aduṣṭaṃ ca tayor daṇḍaḥ śataṃ śatam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

न माता न पिता न स्त्री न पुत्रस् त्यागम् अर्हति) । त्यजन्न्) अपतितान् एतान् राज्ञा दण्ड्यः) शतानि षट् ॥

na mātā na pitā na strī na putras tyāgam arhati) | tyajann) apatitān etān rājñā daṇḍyaḥ) śatāni ṣaṭ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

आश्रमेषु द्विजातीनां कार्ये विवदतां) मिथः । न विब्रूयान्) नृपो धर्मं चिकीर्षन्) हितम् आत्मनः ॥

āśrameṣu dvijātīnāṃ kārye vivadatāṃ) mithaḥ | na vibrūyān) nṛpo dharmaṃ cikīrṣan) hitam ātmanaḥ ||

If twice-born men dispute among each other

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यथार्हम् एतान् अभ्यर्च्य) ब्राह्मणैः सह पार्थिवः । सान्त्वेन प्रशमय्य)-आदौ स्वधर्मं प्रतिपादयेत्) ॥

yathārham etān abhyarcya) brāhmaṇaiḥ saha pārthivaḥ | sāntvena praśamayya)-ādau svadharmaṃ pratipādayet) ||

Having shown them due honour, he should, with (the assistance of) Brāhmaṇas, first soothe them by gentle (speech) and afterwards teach them their duty.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

प्रतिवेश्यअनुवेश्यौ च कल्याणे विंशतिद्विजे । अर्हाव् अभोजयन्) विप्रो दण्डम् अर्हति) माषकम् ॥

prativeśya.anuveśyau ca kalyāṇe viṃśatidvije | arhāv a.bhojayan) vipro daṇḍam arhati) māṣakam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

श्रोत्रियः श्रोत्रियं साधुं भूतिकृत्येष्व् अभोजयन् । तदन्नं द्विगुणं दाप्यो) हिरण्यं च-एव माषकम् ॥ [म्हैरण्यं ]

śrotriyaḥ śrotriyaṃ sādhuṃ bhūtikṛtyeṣv a.bhojayan | tad.annaṃ dviguṇaṃ dāpyo) hiraṇyaṃ ca-eva māṣakam || [M.hairaṇyaṃ ]

A.SVotriya who does not entertain a virtuous 6rotriya at auspicious festive rites, shall be made to pay him twice (the value of) the meal and a masha of gold (as a fine to the king).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अन्धो जडः पीठसर्पी सप्तत्या स्थविरश् च यः । श्रोत्रियेषूपकुर्वंश्) च न दाप्याः) केन चित् करम् ॥

andho jaḍaḥ pīṭhasarpī saptatyā sthaviraś ca yaḥ | śrotriyeṣūpakurvaṃś) ca na dāpyāḥ) kena cit karam ||

A blind man, an idiot, (a cripple) who moves with the help of a board, a man full seventy years old, and he who confers benefits on.SVotriyas, shall not be compelled by any (king) to pay a tax. not in the sense of ' order,' but of ' hermitage,' and ' twice-born men' in the sense of 'hermits.'

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

श्रोत्रियं व्याधितआर्तौ च बालवृद्धाव् अकिंचनम् । महाकुलीनम् आर्यं च राजा संपूजयेत्) सदा ॥

śrotriyaṃ vyādhita.ārtau ca bāla.vṛddhāv a.kiṃcanam | mahākulīnam āryaṃ ca rājā saṃpūjayet) sadā ||

Let the king always treat kindly a 6rotriya, a sick or distressed man, an infant and an aged or an indigent man, a man of high birth, and an honourable man (Arya).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

शाल्मलीफलके श्लक्ष्णे नेनिज्यान्) नेजकः शनैः । न च वासांसि वासोभिर् निर्हरेन्) न च वासयेत्) ॥

śālmalīphalake ślakṣṇe nenijyān) nejakaḥ śanaiḥ | na ca vāsāṃsi vāsobhir nirharen) na ca vāsayet) ||

A washerman shall wash (the clothes of his employers) gently on a smooth board of.5almaliwood; he shall not return the clothes (of one person) for those (of another), nor allow anybody (but the owner) to wear them.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

तन्तुवायो दशपलं दद्याद्) एकपलअधिकम् । अतो ऽअन्यथा वर्तमानो) दाप्यो) द्वादशकं दमम् ॥

tantuvāyo daśapalaṃ dadyād) ekapala.adhikam | ato 'anyathā vartamāno) dāpyo) dvādaśakaṃ damam ||

A weaver (who has received) ten palas (of thread), shall return (cloth weighing) one pala more; he who acts differently shall be compelled to pay a fine of twelve (pa;zas).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

शुल्कस्थानेषु कुशलाः सर्वपण्यविचक्षणाः । कुर्युर्) अर्घं यथापण्यं ततो विंशं नृपो हरेत्) ॥

śulkasthāneṣu kuśalāḥ sarvapaṇya.vicakṣaṇāḥ | kuryur) arghaṃ yathāpaṇyaṃ tato viṃśaṃ nṛpo haret) ||

Let the king take one-twentieth of that (amount) which men, well acquainted with the settlement of tolls and duties (and) skilful in (estimating the value of) all kinds of merchandise, may fix as the value for each saleable commodity.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

राज्ञः प्रख्यातभाण्डानि प्रतिषिद्धानि यानि च । ताणि निर्हरतो) लोभात् सर्वहारं हरेन्) नृपः ॥

rājñaḥ prakhyātabhāṇḍāni pratiṣiddhāni yāni ca | tāṇi nirharato) lobhāt sarvahāraṃ haren) nṛpaḥ ||

Let the king confiscate the whole property of (a trader) who out of greed exports goods of which the king has a monopoly or (the export of which is) forbidden.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

शुल्कस्थानं परिहरन्न्) अकाले क्रयविक्रयी । मिथ्यावादी च संख्याने दाप्यो) ऽअष्टगुणम् अत्ययम् ॥

śulkasthānaṃ pariharann) akāle kraya.vikrayī | mithyāvādī ca saṃkhyāne dāpyo) 'aṣṭaguṇam atyayam ||

He who avoids a custom-house (or a toll), he who buys or sells at an improper time, or he who makes a false statement in enumerating (his goods), shall be fined eight times (the amount of duty) which he tried to evade.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

आगमं निर्गमं स्थानं तथा वृद्धिक्षयाव् उभौ । विचार्य) सर्वपण्यानां कारयेत्) क्रयविक्रयौ ॥

āgamaṃ nirgamaṃ sthānaṃ tathā vṛddhi.kṣayāv ubhau | vicārya) sarvapaṇyānāṃ kārayet) kraya.vikrayau ||

Let (the king) fix (the rates for) the purchase and sale of all marketable goods, having (duly) considered whence they come, whither they go, how long they have been kept, the (probable) profit and the (probable) outlay.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

पञ्चरात्रे पञ्चरात्रे पक्षे पक्षे ऽअथ वा गते । कुर्वीत) च-एषां प्रत्यक्षम् अर्घसंस्थापनं नृपः ॥

pañcarātre pañcarātre pakṣe pakṣe 'atha vā gate | kurvīta) ca-eṣāṃ pratyakṣam arghasaṃsthāpanaṃ nṛpaḥ ||

Once in Hyg nights, or at the close of each fortnight, let the king publicly settle the prices for the (merchants).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

तुलामानं प्रतीमानं सर्वं च स्यात्) सुलक्षितम् । षट्सु षट्सु च मासेषु पुनर् एव परीक्षयेत्) ॥

tulāmānaṃ pratīmānaṃ sarvaṃ ca syāt) sulakṣitam | ṣaṭsu ṣaṭsu ca māseṣu punar eva parīkṣayet) ||

All weights and measures must be duly marked, and once in six months let him re-examine them.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

पणं यानं तरे दाप्यं) पौरुषो ऽअर्धपणं तरे । पादं पशुश् च योषित्-च पादार्धं रिक्तकः पुमान् ॥ [म्पादे]

paṇaṃ yānaṃ tare dāpyaṃ) pauruṣo 'ardhapaṇaṃ tare | pādaṃ paśuś ca yoṣit-ca pādārdhaṃ riktakaḥ pumān || [M.pāde]

At a ferry an (empty) cart shall be made to pay one paṇas, a mans (load) half a paṇas, an animal and a woman one quarter of a (paṇas), an unloaded man one-half of a quarter.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

भाण्डपूर्णानि यानानि तार्यं दाप्यानि) सारतः । रिक्तभाण्डानि यत् किं चित् पुमांसश् च्-अपरिच्छदाः ॥

bhāṇḍapūrṇāni yānāni tāryaṃ dāpyāni) sārataḥ | riktabhāṇḍāni yat kiṃ cit pumāṃsaś c-aparicchadāḥ ||

Carts (laden) with vessels full (of merchandise) shall be made to pay toll at a ferry according to the value (of the goods), empty vessels and men without luggage some trifle.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

दीर्घाध्वनि यथादेशं यथाकालं तरो भवेत्) । नदीतीरेषु तद् विद्यात्) समुद्रे न-अस्ति) लक्षणम् ॥

dīrghādhvani yathādeśaṃ yathākālaṃ taro bhavet) | nadītīreṣu tad vidyāt) samudre na-asti) lakṣaṇam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

गर्भिणी तु द्विमासादिस् तथा प्रव्रजितो मुनिः । ब्राह्मणा लिङ्गिनश् च-एव न दाप्यास्) तारिकं तरे ॥

garbhiṇī tu dvimāsādis tathā pravrajito muniḥ | brāhmaṇā liṅginaś ca-eva na dāpyās) tārikaṃ tare ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

यन् नावि किं चिद् दाशानां विशीर्येत)-अपराधतः । तद् दाशैर् एव दातव्यं) समागम्य) स्वतो ऽअंशतः ॥

yan nāvi kiṃ cid dāśānāṃ viśīryeta)-aparādhataḥ | tad dāśair eva dātavyaṃ) samāgamya) svato 'aṃśataḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

एष नौयायिनाम् उक्तो व्यवहारस्य निर्णयः । दाशापराधतस् तोये दैविके न-अस्ति) निग्रहः ॥

eṣa nauyāyinām ukto vyavahārasya nirṇayaḥ | dāśāparādhatas toye daivike na-asti) nigrahaḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

वाणिज्यं कारयेद्) वैश्यं कुसीदं कृषिम् एव च । पशूनां रक्षणं च-एव दास्यं शूद्रं द्विजन्मनाम् ॥

vāṇijyaṃ kārayed) vaiśyaṃ kusīdaṃ kṛṣim eva ca | paśūnāṃ rakṣaṇaṃ ca-eva dāsyaṃ śūdraṃ dvijanmanām ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

क्षत्रियं च-एव वैश्यं च ब्राह्मणो वृत्तिकर्शितौ । बिभृयाद्) आनृशंस्येन स्वानि कर्माणि कारयेत्) ॥

kṣatriyaṃ ca-eva vaiśyaṃ ca brāhmaṇo vṛttikarśitau | bibhṛyād) ānṛśaṃsyena svāni karmāṇi kārayet) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

दास्यं तु कारयन्)-लोभाद् ब्राह्मणः संस्कृतान् द्विजान् । अनिच्छतः प्राभवत्याद् राज्ञा दण्ड्यः) शतानि षट् ॥

dāsyaṃ tu kārayan)-lobhād brāhmaṇaḥ saṃskṛtān dvijān | anicchataḥ prābhavatyād rājñā daṇḍyaḥ) śatāni ṣaṭ ||

But a Brāhmaṇa who, because he is powerful, out of greed makes initiated (men of the) twice-born (castes) against their will do the work of slaves, shall be fined by the king six hundred (paṇas).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

शूद्रं तु कारयेद्) दास्यं क्रीतम् अक्रीतम् एव वा । दास्याय-एव हि सृष्टो) ऽअसौ ब्राह्मणस्य स्वयंभुवा ॥

śūdraṃ tu kārayed) dāsyaṃ krītam akrītam eva vā | dāsyāya-eva hi sṛṣṭo) 'asau brāhmaṇasya svayaṃbhuvā ||

But a Śudra, whether bought or unbought, he may compel to do servile work; for he was created by the Self-existent (Svayambhu) to be the slave of a Brāhmaṇa.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

न स्वामिना निसृष्टो) ऽअपि शूद्रो दास्याद् विमुच्यते) । निसर्गजं हि तत् तस्य कस् तस्मात् तद् अपोहति) ॥

na svāminā nisṛṣṭo) 'api śūdro dāsyād vimucyate) | nisargajaṃ hi tat tasya kas tasmāt tad apohati) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

ध्वजाहृतो) भक्तदासो गृहजः क्रीतदत्त्रिमौ । पैत्रिको दण्डदासश् च सप्त-एते दासयोनयः ॥

dhvajāhṛto) bhaktadāso gṛhajaḥ krīta.dattrimau | paitriko daṇḍadāsaś ca sapta-ete dāsayonayaḥ ||

There are slaves of seven kinds, (viz.) he who is made a captive under a standard, he who serves for his daily food, he who is born in the house, he who is bought and he who is given, he who is inherited from ancestors, and he who is enslaved by way of punishment.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

भार्या पुत्रश् च दासश् च त्रय एव-अधनाः स्मृताः । यत् ते समधिगच्छन्ति) यस्य ते तस्य तद् धनम् ॥

bhāryā putraś ca dāsaś ca traya eva-a.dhanāḥ smṛtāḥ | yat te samadhigacchanti) yasya te tasya tad dhanam ||

A wife, a son, and a slave, these three are declared to have no property; the wealth which they earn is (acquired) for him to whom they belong. 413.' Whether bought or unbought,' i. e. ' whether maintained in consideration of service or not'

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

विस्रब्धं ब्राह्मणः शूद्राद् द्रव्यौपादानम् आचरेत्) । न हि तस्य-अस्ति) किं चित् स्वं भर्तृहार्यधनो हि सः ॥

visrabdhaṃ brāhmaṇaḥ śūdrād dravya.upādānam ācaret) | na hi tasya-asti) kiṃ cit svaṃ bhartṛhārya.dhano hi saḥ ||

A Brahma;2a may confidently seize the goods of (his) 6udra (slave); for, as that (slave) can have no property, his master may take his possessions. —

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

वैश्यशूद्रौ प्रयत्नेन स्वानि कर्माणि कारयेत्) । तौ हि च्युतौ) स्वकर्मभ्यः क्षोभयेताम्) इदं जगत् ॥

vaiśya.śūdrau prayatnena svāni karmāṇi kārayet) | tau hi cyutau) svakarmabhyaḥ kṣobhayetām) idaṃ jagat ||

(The king) should carefully compel Vaiśyas and £udras to perform the work (prescribed) for them; for if these two (castes) swerved from their duties, they would throw this (whole) world into confusion.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अहन्य् अहन्य् अवेक्षेत) कर्मान्तान् वाहनानि च । आयव्ययौ च नियताव् आकरान् कोशम् एव च ॥

ahany ahany avekṣeta) karmāntān vāhanāni ca | āya.vyayau ca niyatāv ākarān kośam eva ca ||

Let him daily look after the completion of his undertakings, his beasts of burden, and carriages, (the collection of) his revenues and the disbursements, his mines and his treasury.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

एवं सर्वान् इमान् राजा व्यवहारान् समापयन्) । व्यपोह्य) किल्बिषं सर्वं प्राप्नोति) परमां गतिम् ॥

evaṃ sarvān imān rājā vyavahārān samāpayan) | vyapohya) kilbiṣaṃ sarvaṃ prāpnoti) paramāṃ gatim ||

A king who thus brings to a conclusion all the legal business enumerated above, and removes all sin, reaches the highest state (of bliss).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.