Library·Manu-Smrti·8

Manu-Smrti 8

क्षेत्रेष्व् अन्येषु तु पशुः सपादं पणम् अर्हति) । सर्वत्र तु सदो देयः) क्षेत्रिकस्य-इति धारणा ॥

kṣetreṣv anyeṣu tu paśuḥ sa.pādaṃ paṇam arhati) | sarvatra tu sado deyaḥ) kṣetrikasya-iti dhāraṇā ||

(For damage) in other fields (each head of) cattle shall (pay a fine of) one (paṇas) and a quarter, and in all (cases the value of) the crop (destroyed) shall be made good to the owner of the field; that is the settled rule.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अनिर्दशाहां गां सूतां वृषान् देवपशूंस् तथा । सपालान् वा विपालान् वा न दण्ड्यान्) मनुर् अब्रवीत्) ॥

a.nirdaśāhāṃ gāṃ sūtāṃ vṛṣān devapaśūṃs tathā | sa.pālān vā vi.pālān vā na daṇḍyān) manur abravīt) ||

But Manu has declared that no fine shall be paid for (damage done by) a cow within ten days after her calving, by bulls and by cattle sacred to the gods, whether they are attended by a herdsman or not.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

क्षेत्रियस्य-अत्यये दण्डो भागाद् दशगुणो भवेत्) । [म्क्षेत्रिकस्य-अत्यये] ततो ऽअर्धदण्डो भृत्यानाम् अज्ञानात् क्षेत्रिकस्य तु ॥

kṣetriyasya-atyaye daṇḍo bhāgād daśaguṇo bhavet) | [M.kṣetrikasya-atyaye] tato 'ardhadaṇḍo bhṛtyānām ajñānāt kṣetrikasya tu ||

If (the crops are destroyed by) the husbandman's (own) fault, the fine shall amount to ten times as much as (the king's) share; but the fine (shall be) only half that amount if (the fault lay) with the servants and the farmer had no knowledge of it. 240-242.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

एतद् विधानम् आतिष्ठेद्) धार्मिकः पृथिवीपतिः । स्वामिनां च पशूनां च पालानां च व्यतिक्रमे ॥

etad vidhānam ātiṣṭhed) dhārmikaḥ pṛthivīpatiḥ | svāmināṃ ca paśūnāṃ ca pālānāṃ ca vyatikrame ||

To these rules a righteous king shall keep in (all cases of) transgressions by masters, their cattle, and herdsmen.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

सीमां प्रति समुत्पन्ने) विवादे ग्रामयोर् द्वयोः । ज्येष्ठे मासि नयेत्) सीमां सुप्रकाशेषु सेतुषु ॥

sīmāṃ prati samutpanne) vivāde grāmayor dvayoḥ | jyeṣṭhe māsi nayet) sīmāṃ su.prakāśeṣu setuṣu ||

If a dispute has arisen between two villages concerning a boundary, the king shall settle the limits in the month of Gyaish/^a, when the landmarks are most distinctly visible.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

सींआवृक्षांश् च कुर्वीत) न्यग्रोधअश्वत्थकिंशुकान् । शाल्मलीन् सालतालांश् च क्षीरिणश् च-एव पादपान् ॥

sīṃāvṛkṣāṃś ca kurvīta) nyagrodha.aśvattha.kiṃśukān | śālmalīn sālatālāṃś ca kṣīriṇaś ca-eva pādapān ||

Let him mark the boundaries (by) trees, (e.g.) Nyagrodhas, Asvatthas, Ki^i-ukas, cotton - trees,.Salas, Palmyra palms, and trees with milky juice,

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

गुल्मान् वेणूंश् च विविधान् शमीवल्लीस्थलानि च । शरान् कुब्जकगुल्मांश् च तथा सीमा न नश्यति) ॥

gulmān veṇūṃś ca vividhān śamī.vallī.sthalāni ca | śarān kubjakagulmāṃś ca tathā sīmā na naśyati) ||

By clustering shrubs, bamboos of different kinds, 6amis, creepers and raised mounds, reeds, thickets of Kub^aka; thus the boundary will not be forgotten.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

तडागान्य् उदपानानि वाप्यः प्रस्रवणानि च । सीमासंधिषु कार्याणि) देवतायतनानि च ॥

taḍāgāny udapānāni vāpyaḥ prasravaṇāni ca | sīmāsaṃdhiṣu kāryāṇi) devatāyatanāni ca ||

Tanks, wells,, cisterns, and fountains should be built where boundaries meet, as well as temples,

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

उपछन्नानि चान्यानि सीमालिङ्गानि कारयेत्) । सीमाज्ञाने नृणां वीक्ष्य) नित्यं लोके विपर्ययम् ॥

upachannāni cānyāni sīmāliṅgāni kārayet) | sīmājñāne nṛṇāṃ vīkṣya) nityaṃ loke viparyayam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

अश्मनो ऽअस्थीनि गोवालांस् तुषान् भस्म कपालिकाः । करीषम् इष्टकाअङ्गारांश्-शर्करा वालुकास् तथा ॥

aśmano 'asthīni govālāṃs tuṣān bhasma kapālikāḥ | karīṣam iṣṭakā.aṅgārāṃś-śarkarā vālukās tathā ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

यानि च-एवंप्रकाराणि कालाद् भूमिर् न भक्षयेत्) । तानि संधिषु सीमायाम् अप्रकाशानि कारयेत्) ॥ [म्सीमाया]

yāni ca-evaṃprakārāṇi kālād bhūmir na bhakṣayet) | tāni saṃdhiṣu sīmāyām a.prakāśāni kārayet) || [M.sīmāyā]

And whatever other things of a similar kind the earth does not corrode even after a long time, those he should cause to be buried where one boundary joins (the other).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

एतैर् लिङ्गैर् नयेत्) सीमां राजा विवदमानयोः । पूर्वभुक्त्या च सततम् उदकस्य-आगमेन च ॥

etair liṅgair nayet) sīmāṃ rājā vivadamānayoḥ | pūrvabhuktyā ca satatam udakasya-āgamena ca ||

By these signs, by long continued possession, and by constantly flowing streams of water the king shall ascertain the boundary (of the land) of two disputing parties.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यदि स्ंशय एव स्यात्)-लिङ्गानाम् अपि दर्शने । साक्षिप्रत्यय एव स्यात्) सीमावादविनिर्णयः ॥ [म्सीमावादविनिश्चयः ]

yadi sṃśaya eva syāt)-liṅgānām api darśane | sākṣipratyaya eva syāt) sīmāvādavinirṇayaḥ || [M.sīmāvādaviniścayaḥ ]

If there be a doubt even on inspection of the marks, the settlement of a dispute regarding boundaries shall depend on witnesses.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

ग्रामीयककुलानां च समक्षं सीम्नि साक्षिणः । [म्। ग्रामेयक।] प्रष्टव्याः) सीमलिङ्गानि तयोश् च-एव विवादिनोः ॥ [म्सीमालिङ्गानि ]

grāmīyaka.kulānāṃ ca samakṣaṃ sīmni sākṣiṇaḥ | [M. grāmeyaka.] praṣṭavyāḥ) sīmaliṅgāni tayoś ca-eva vivādinoḥ || [M.sīmāliṅgāni ]

The witnesses, (giving evidence) regarding a boundary, shall be examined concerning the landmarks in the presence of the crowd of the villagers and also of the two litigants.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

ते पृष्तास्) तु यथा ब्रूयुः) समस्ताः सीम्नि निश्चयम् । निबध्नीयात्) तथा सीमां सर्वांस् तांश् च-एव नामतः ॥

te pṛṣtās) tu yathā brūyuḥ) samastāḥ sīmni niścayam | nibadhnīyāt) tathā sīmāṃ sarvāṃs tāṃś ca-eva nāmataḥ ||

As they, being questioned, unanimously decide, even so he shall record the boundary (in writing), together with their names.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

शिरोभिस् ते गृहीत्वा)-उर्वीं स्रग्विणो रक्तवाससः । सुकृतैः शापिथाः स्वैः स्वैर् नयेयुस्) ते समञ्जसम् ॥

śirobhis te gṛhītvā)-urvīṃ sragviṇo rakta.vāsasaḥ | sukṛtaiḥ śāpithāḥ svaiḥ svair nayeyus) te samañjasam ||

Let them, putting earth on their heads, wearing chaplets (of red flowers) and red dresses, being sworn each by (the rewards for) his meritorious deeds, settle (the boundary) in accordance with the truth.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यथाउक्तेन नयन्तस्) ते पूयन्ते) सत्यसाक्षिणः । विपरीतं नयन्तस्) तु दाप्याः स्युर्) द्विशतं दमम् ॥

yathā.uktena nayantas) te pūyante) satyasākṣiṇaḥ | viparītaṃ nayantas) tu dāpyāḥ syur) dviśataṃ damam ||

If they determine (the boundary) in the

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

साक्ष्यभावे तु चत्वारो ग्रामाः सामन्तवासिनः । [म्ग्रामसीमान्तवासिनः] सीमाविनिर्णयं कुर्युः) प्रयता राजसंनिधौ ॥

sākṣyabhāve tu catvāro grāmāḥ sāmantavāsinaḥ | [M.grāmasīmāntavāsinaḥ] sīmāvinirṇayaṃ kuryuḥ) prayatā rājasaṃnidhau ||

On failure of witnesses (from the two villages, men of) the four neighbouring villages, who are pure, shall make (as witnesses) a decision concerning the boundary in the presence of the king.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

सामन्तानाम् अभावे तु मौलानां सीम्नि साक्षिणाम् । इमान् अप्य् अनुयुञ्जीत) पुरुषान् वनगोचरान् ॥

sāmantānām abhāve tu maulānāṃ sīmni sākṣiṇām | imān apy anuyuñjīta) puruṣān vana.gocarān ||

On failure of neighbours (who are) original inhabitants (of the country and can be) witnesses with respect to the boundary, (the king) may hear the evidence even of the following inhabitants of the forest,

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

व्याधान्-शाकुनिकान् गोपान् कैवर्तान् मूलखानकान् । व्यालग्राहान् उञ्छवृत्तीन् अन्यांश् च वनचारिणः ॥

vyādhān-śākunikān gopān kaivartān mūlakhānakān | vyālagrāhān uñchavṛttīn anyāṃś ca vanacāriṇaḥ ||

(Viz.) hunters, fowlers, herdsmen, fishermen, root-diggers, snake-catchers, gleaners, and other foresters.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

ते पृष्टास्) तु यथा ब्रूयुः) सीमासंधिषु लक्षणम् । तत् तथा स्थापयेद्) राजा धर्मेण ग्रामयोर् द्वयोः ॥

te pṛṣṭās) tu yathā brūyuḥ) sīmāsaṃdhiṣu lakṣaṇam | tat tathā sthāpayed) rājā dharmeṇa grāmayor dvayoḥ ||

As they, being examined, declare the marks for the meeting of the boundaries (to be), even so the king shall justly cause them to be fixed between the two villages.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

क्षेत्रकूपतडागानाम् आरामस्य गृहस्य च । सामन्तप्रत्ययो ज्ञेयः) सीमासेतुविनिर्णयः ॥

kṣetra.kūpa.taḍāgānām ārāmasya gṛhasya ca | sāmantapratyayo jñeyaḥ) sīmāsetuvinirṇayaḥ ||

The decision concerning the boundary-marks of fields, wells, tanks, of gardens and houses depends upon (the evidence of) the neighbours.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

सामन्ताश् चेत्- मृषा ब्रूयुः) सेतौ विवादतां) नृणाम् । सर्वे पृथक् पृथग् दण्ड्या) राज्ञा मध्यमसाहसम् ॥

sāmantāś cet- mṛṣā brūyuḥ) setau vivādatāṃ) nṛṇām | sarve pṛthak pṛthag daṇḍyā) rājñā madhyamasāhasam ||

Should the neighbours give false evidence,

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

गृहं तडागम् आरामं क्षेत्रं वा भीषया हरन्) । शतानि पञ्च दण्ड्यः स्याद्) अज्ञानाद् द्विशतो दमः ॥

gṛhaṃ taḍāgam ārāmaṃ kṣetraṃ vā bhīṣayā haran) | śatāni pañca daṇḍyaḥ syād) ajñānād dviśato damaḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

सीमायाम् अविषह्यायां स्वयं राजा-एव धर्मवित् । प्रदिशेद्) भूमिम् एकेषाम् उपकाराद् इति स्थितिः ॥

sīmāyām a.viṣahyāyāṃ svayaṃ rājā-eva dharmavit | pradiśed) bhūmim ekeṣām upakārād iti sthitiḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

एषो ऽअखिलेन-अभिहितो) धर्मः सीमाविनिर्णये । अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि) वाक्पारुष्यविनिर्णयम् ॥

eṣo 'akhilena-abhihito) dharmaḥ sīmāvinirṇaye | ata ūrdhvaṃ pravakṣyāmi) vākpāruṣyavinirṇayam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

शतं ब्राह्मणम् आक्रुश्य) क्षत्रियो दण्डम् अर्हति) । वैश्यो ऽअप्य् अर्धशतं द्वे वा शूद्रस् तु वधम् अर्हति) ॥

śataṃ brāhmaṇam ākruśya) kṣatriyo daṇḍam arhati) | vaiśyo 'apy ardhaśataṃ dve vā śūdras tu vadham arhati) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

पञ्चाशद् ब्राह्मणो दण्ड्यः) क्षत्रियस्य-अभिशंसने । वैश्ये स्याद्) अर्धपञ्चाशत्-शूद्रे द्वादशको दमः ॥

pañcāśad brāhmaṇo daṇḍyaḥ) kṣatriyasya-abhiśaṃsane | vaiśye syād) ardhapañcāśat-śūdre dvādaśako damaḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

समवर्णे द्विजातीनां द्वादश-एव व्यतिक्रमे । वादेष्व् अवचनीयेषु तद् एव द्विगुणं भवेत्) ॥

samavarṇe dvijātīnāṃ dvādaśa-eva vyatikrame | vādeṣv a.vacanīyeṣu tad eva dviguṇaṃ bhavet) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

एकजातिर् द्विजातींस् तु वाचा दारुणया क्षिपन्) । जिह्वायाः प्राप्नुयाच्) छेदं जघन्यप्रभवो हि सः ॥

ekajātir dvijātīṃs tu vācā dāruṇayā kṣipan) | jihvāyāḥ prāpnuyāc) chedaṃ jaghanya.prabhavo hi saḥ ||

A once-born man (a Śūdra), who insults a

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

नामजातिग्रहं त्व् एषाम् अभिद्रोहेण कुर्वतः) । निक्षेप्यो) ऽअयोमयः शङ्कुर् ज्वलन्न्) आस्ये दशाङ्गुलः ॥

nāma.jātigrahaṃ tv eṣām abhidroheṇa kurvataḥ) | nikṣepyo) 'ayomayaḥ śaṅkur jvalann) āsye daśāṅgulaḥ ||

If he mentions the names and castes (^ati) of the (twice-born) with contumely, an iron nail, ten fingers long, shall be thrust red-hot into his mouth.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

धर्मौपदेशं दर्पेण विप्राणाम् अस्य कुर्वतः) । तप्तम् आसेचयेत्) तैलं वक्त्रे श्रोत्रे च पार्थिवः ॥ [म्श्रौत्रे ]

dharma.upadeśaṃ darpeṇa viprāṇām asya kurvataḥ) | taptam āsecayet) tailaṃ vaktre śrotre ca pārthivaḥ || [M.śrautre ]

If he arrogantly teaches Brāhmaṇas their duty, the king shall cause hot oil to be poured into his mouth and into his ears.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

श्रुतं देशं च जातिं च कर्म शरीरम् एव च । वितथेन ब्रुवन्) दर्पाद् दाप्यः स्याद्) द्विशतं दमम् ॥

śrutaṃ deśaṃ ca jātiṃ ca karma śarīram eva ca | vitathena bruvan) darpād dāpyaḥ syād) dviśataṃ damam ||

He who through arrogance makes false statements regarding the learning (of a caste-fellow), his country, his caste (^ati), or the rites by which his body was sanctified, shall be compelled to pay a fine of two hundred (paṇas).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

काणं वा-अप्य् अथ वा खञ्जम् अन्यं वा-अपि तथाविधम् । तथ्येन-अपि ब्रुवन्) दाप्यो) दण्डं कार्षापणअवरम् ॥

kāṇaṃ vā-apy atha vā khañjam anyaṃ vā-api tathāvidham | tathyena-api bruvan) dāpyo) daṇḍaṃ kārṣāpaṇa.avaram ||

He who even in accordance with the true facts (contemptuously) calls another man one-eyed, lame, or the like (names), shall be fined at least one karshapa;za.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

मातरं पितरं जायां भ्रातरं तनयं गुरुम् । आक्षारयन्)-शतं दाप्यः) पन्थानं च-अददद्) गुरोः ॥

mātaraṃ pitaraṃ jāyāṃ bhrātaraṃ tanayaṃ gurum | ākṣārayan)-śataṃ dāpyaḥ) panthānaṃ ca-adadad) guroḥ ||

He who defames his mother, his father, his wife, his brother, his son, or his teacher, and he who gives not the way to his preceptor, shall be compelled to pay one hundred (paṇas).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियाभ्यां तु दण्डः कार्यो) विजानता) । ब्राह्मणे साहसः पूर्वः क्षत्रिये त्व् एव मध्यमः ॥

brāhmaṇa.kṣatriyābhyāṃ tu daṇḍaḥ kāryo) vijānatā) | brāhmaṇe sāhasaḥ pūrvaḥ kṣatriye tv eva madhyamaḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

विश्शूद्रयोर् एवम् एव स्वजातिं प्रति तत्त्वतः । छेदवर्जं प्रणयनं दण्डस्य-इति विनिश्चयः ॥

viś.śūdrayor evam eva svajātiṃ prati tattvataḥ | cheda.varjaṃ praṇayanaṃ daṇḍasya-iti viniścayaḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

एष दण्डविधिः प्रोक्तो) वाक्पारुष्यस्य तत्त्वतः । अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि) दण्डपारुष्यनिर्णयम् ॥

eṣa daṇḍavidhiḥ prokto) vākpāruṣyasya tattvataḥ | ata ūrdhvaṃ pravakṣyāmi) daṇḍapāruṣyanirṇayam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

येन केन चिद् अङ्गेन हिंस्याच्) चेत्-श्रेष्ठम् अन्त्यजः । छेत्तव्यं) तद् तद् एव-अस्य तन् मनोर् अनुशासनम् ॥

yena kena cid aṅgena hiṃsyāc) cet-śreṣṭham antyajaḥ | chettavyaṃ) tad tad eva-asya tan manor anuśāsanam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

पाणिम् उद्यम्य) दण्डं वा पाणिच्छेदनम् अर्हति) । पादेन प्रहरन्) कोपात् पादच्छेदनम् अर्हति ॥

pāṇim udyamya) daṇḍaṃ vā pāṇicchedanam arhati) | pādena praharan) kopāt pādacchedanam arhati ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

सहासनम् अभिप्रेप्सुर् उत्कृष्टस्य-अपकृष्टजः । कट्यां कृतअङ्को निर्वास्यः) स्फिचं वा-अस्य-अवकर्तयेत्) ॥

sahāsanam abhiprepsur utkṛṣṭasya-apakṛṣṭajaḥ | kaṭyāṃ kṛta.aṅko nirvāsyaḥ) sphicaṃ vā-asya-avakartayet) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

अवनिष्ठीवतो दर्पाद् द्वाव् ओष्ठौ छेदयेन्) नृपः । अवमूत्रयतो) मेढ्रम् अवशर्धयतो) गुदम् ॥

avaniṣṭhīvato darpād dvāv oṣṭhau chedayen) nṛpaḥ | avamūtrayato) meḍhram avaśardhayato) gudam ||

If out of arrogance he spits (on a superior), the king shall cause both his lips to be cut off; if he urines (on him), the penis; if he breaks wind (against him), the anus.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

केशेषु गृह्णतो) हस्तौ छेदयेद्) अविचारयन् । पादयोर् दाढिकायां च ग्रीवायां वृषणेषु च ॥

keśeṣu gṛhṇato) hastau chedayed) avicārayan | pādayor dāḍhikāyāṃ ca grīvāyāṃ vṛṣaṇeṣu ca ||

If he lays hold of the hair (of a superior), a/ let the (king) unhesitatingly cut off his hands, like- wise (if he takes him) by the feet, the beard, the I neck, or the scrotum.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

त्वग्भेदकः शतं दण्ड्यो) लोहितस्य च दर्शकः । मांसभेत्ता तु षट्निष्कान् प्रवास्यस्) त्व् अस्थिभेदकः ॥

tvagbhedakaḥ śataṃ daṇḍyo) lohitasya ca darśakaḥ | māṃsabhettā tu ṣaṭ.niṣkān pravāsyas) tv asthibhedakaḥ ||

He who breaks the skin (of an equal) or fetches blood (from him) shall be fined one hundred (paṇas), he who cuts a muscle six nishkas, he who breaks a bone shall be banished.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

वनस्पतीनां सर्वेषाम् उपभोगो यथा यथा । यथा तथा दमः कार्यो) हिंसायाम् इति धारणा ॥

vanaspatīnāṃ sarveṣām upabhogo yathā yathā | yathā tathā damaḥ kāryo) hiṃsāyām iti dhāraṇā ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

मनुष्याणां पशूनां च दुःखाय प्रहृते) सति । यथा यथा महद् दुःखं दण्डं कुर्यात्) तथा तथा ॥

manuṣyāṇāṃ paśūnāṃ ca duḥkhāya prahṛte) sati | yathā yathā mahad duḥkhaṃ daṇḍaṃ kuryāt) tathā tathā ||

If a blow is struck against men or animals in order to (give them) pain, (the judge) shall inflict a fine in proportion to the amount of pain (caused).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अङ्गावपीडनायां च व्रणशोनितयोस् तथा । [म्प्राणशोनितयोस् ] समुत्थानव्ययं दाप्यः) सर्वदण्डम् अथ-अपि वा ॥

aṅgāvapīḍanāyāṃ ca vraṇa.śonitayos tathā | [M.prāṇa.śonitayos ] samutthānavyayaṃ dāpyaḥ) sarvadaṇḍam atha-api vā ||

If a limb is injured, a wound (is caused), or blood (flows, the assailant) shall be made to pay (to the sufferer) the expenses of the cure, or the whole (both the usual amercement and the expenses of the cure as a) fine (to the king).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

द्रव्याणि हिंस्याद्) यो यस्य ज्ञानतो ऽअज्ञानतो ऽअपि वा । स तस्य-उत्पादयेत्) तुष्टिं राज्ञे दद्याच्) च तत्समम् ॥

dravyāṇi hiṃsyād) yo yasya jñānato 'ajñānato 'api vā | sa tasya-utpādayet) tuṣṭiṃ rājñe dadyāc) ca tatsamam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

चर्मचार्मिकभाण्डेषु काष्ठलोष्टमयेषु । मूल्यात् पञ्चगुणो दण्डः पुष्पमूलफलेषु च ॥

carma.cārmikabhāṇḍeṣu kāṣṭha.loṣṭamayeṣu | mūlyāt pañcaguṇo daṇḍaḥ puṣpa.mūla.phaleṣu ca ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

यानस्य च-एव यातुश् च यानस्वामिन एव च । दशातिवर्तनान्य् आहुः) शेषे दण्डो विधीयते) ॥

yānasya ca-eva yātuś ca yānasvāmina eva ca | daśātivartanāny āhuḥ) śeṣe daṇḍo vidhīyate) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

छिन्ननास्ये भग्नयुगे तिर्यक्प्रतिमुखआगते । अक्षभङ्गे च यानस्य चक्रभङ्गे तथा-एव च ।

chinna.nāsye bhagna.yuge tiryak.pratimukha.āgate | akṣa.bhaṅge ca yānasya cakra.bhaṅge tathā-eva ca |

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

छेदने च-एव यन्त्राणां योक्त्ररश्म्योस् तथा-एव च । आक्रन्दे च-अप्य् अपैहि)-इति न दण्डं मनुर् अब्रवीत्) ॥

chedane ca-eva yantrāṇāṃ yoktra.raśmyos tathā-eva ca | ākrande ca-apy apaihi)-iti na daṇḍaṃ manur abravīt) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

यत्र-अपवर्तते) युग्यं वैगुण्यात् प्राजकस्य तु । तत्र स्वामी भवेद्) दण्ड्यो हिंसायां द्विशतं दमम् ॥

yatra-apavartate) yugyaṃ vaiguṇyāt prājakasya tu | tatra svāmī bhaved) daṇḍyo hiṃsāyāṃ dviśataṃ damam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

प्राजकश् चेद् भवेद्) आप्तः प्राजको दण्डम् अर्हति) । युग्यस्थाः प्राजके ऽअनाप्ते सर्वे दण्ड्याः) शतं शतम् ॥

prājakaś ced bhaved) āptaḥ prājako daṇḍam arhati) | yugyasthāḥ prājake 'anāpte sarve daṇḍyāḥ) śataṃ śatam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

स चेत् तु पथि संरुद्धः) पशुभिर् वा रथेन वा । प्रमापयेत्) प्राणभृतस् तत्र दण्डो ऽअविचारितः ॥

sa cet tu pathi saṃruddhaḥ) paśubhir vā rathena vā | pramāpayet) prāṇabhṛtas tatra daṇḍo 'avicāritaḥ ||

But if he is stopped on his way by cattle or

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

मनुष्यमारणे क्षिप्रं चौरवत् किल्बिषं भवेत्) । प्राणभृत्सु महत्स्व् अर्धं गोगजौष्ट्रहयादिषु ॥

manuṣyamāraṇe kṣipraṃ cauravat kilbiṣaṃ bhavet) | prāṇabhṛtsu mahatsv ardhaṃ go.gaja.uṣṭra.hayādiṣu ||

If a man is killed, his guilt will be at once the same as (that of) a thief; for large animals such as cows, elephants, camels or horses, half of that.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

क्षुद्रकाणां पशूनां तु हिंसायां द्विशतो दमः । पञ्चाशत् तु भवेद्) दण्डः शुभेषु मृगपक्षिषु ॥

kṣudrakāṇāṃ paśūnāṃ tu hiṃsāyāṃ dviśato damaḥ | pañcāśat tu bhaved) daṇḍaḥ śubheṣu mṛgapakṣiṣu ||

For injuring small cattle the fine (shall be) two hundred (paṇas); the fine for beautiful wild quadrupeds and birds shall amount to fifty (paṇas).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

गर्धभअजआविकानां तु दण्डः स्यात्) पञ्चमाषिकः । [म्पाञ्चमाषिकः] माषिकस् तु भवेद्) दण्डः श्वसूकरनिपातने ॥

gardhabha.aja.āvikānāṃ tu daṇḍaḥ syāt) pañcamāṣikaḥ | [M.pāñcamāṣikaḥ] māṣikas tu bhaved) daṇḍaḥ śva.sūkaranipātane ||

For donkeys, sheep, and goats the fine shall be five m&shas; but the punishment for killing a dog or a pig shall be one masha.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

भार्या पुत्रश् च दासश् च प्रेष्यो) भ्रात्रा च सौदरः । प्राप्तअपराधास् ताड्याः स्यू) रज्ज्वा वेणुदलेन वा ॥

bhāryā putraś ca dāsaś ca preṣyo) bhrātrā ca sa.udaraḥ | prāpta.aparādhās tāḍyāḥ syū) rajjvā veṇudalena vā ||

A wife, a son, a slave, a pupil, and a (younger) brother of the full blood, who have committed faults, may be beaten with a rope or a split bamboo,

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

पृष्ठतस् तु शरीरस्य न-उत्तमाङ्गे कथं चन । अतो ऽअन्यथा तु प्रहरन्) प्राप्तः स्याच्) चौरकिल्बिषम् ॥

pṛṣṭhatas tu śarīrasya na-uttamāṅge kathaṃ cana | ato 'anyathā tu praharan) prāptaḥ syāc) caurakilbiṣam ||

But on the back part of the body (only), never on a noble part; he who strikes them otherwise will incur the same guilt as a thief.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

एषो ऽअखिलेन-अभिहितो) दण्डपारुष्यनिर्णयः । स्तेनस्य-अतः प्रवक्ष्यामि) विधिं दण्डविनिर्णये ॥

eṣo 'akhilena-abhihito) daṇḍapāruṣyanirṇayaḥ | stenasya-ataḥ pravakṣyāmi) vidhiṃ daṇḍavinirṇaye ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

परमं यत्नम् आतिष्ठेत्) स्तेनानां निग्रहे नृपः । स्तेनानां निग्रहाद् अस्य यशो राष्ट्रं च वर्धते) ॥

paramaṃ yatnam ātiṣṭhet) stenānāṃ nigrahe nṛpaḥ | stenānāṃ nigrahād asya yaśo rāṣṭraṃ ca vardhate) ||

Let the king exert himself to the utmost to considered'), and vi^arita^, ' is considered (to be just).'

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अभयस्य हि यो दाता स पूज्यः) सततं नृपः । सत्त्रं हि वर्धते) तस्य सदा-एव-अभयदक्षिणम् ॥

abhayasya hi yo dātā sa pūjyaḥ) satataṃ nṛpaḥ | sattraṃ hi vardhate) tasya sadā-eva-abhaya.dakṣiṇam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

सर्वतो धर्मषड्भागो राज्ञो भवति) रक्षतः) । अधर्माद् अपि षड्भागो भवत्य्) अस्य ह्य् अरक्षतः) ॥

sarvato dharmaṣaḍbhāgo rājño bhavati) rakṣataḥ) | adharmād api ṣaḍbhāgo bhavaty) asya hy a.rakṣataḥ) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

यद् अधीते) यद् यजते) यद् ददाति) यद् अर्चति) । तस्य षड्भागभाग् राजा सम्यग् भवति) रक्षणात् ॥

yad adhīte) yad yajate) yad dadāti) yad arcati) | tasya ṣaḍbhāgabhāg rājā samyag bhavati) rakṣaṇāt ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

रक्षन्) धर्मेण भूतानि राजा वध्यांश् च घातयन्) । यजते) ऽअहर् अहर् यज्ञैः सहस्रशतदक्षिणैः ॥

rakṣan) dharmeṇa bhūtāni rājā vadhyāṃś ca ghātayan) | yajate) 'ahar ahar yajñaiḥ sahasraśata.dakṣiṇaiḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

यो ऽअरक्षन्) बलिम् आदत्ते) करं शुल्कं च पार्थिवः । प्रतिभागं च दण्डं च स सद्यो नरकं व्रजेत्) ॥

yo 'a.rakṣan) balim ādatte) karaṃ śulkaṃ ca pārthivaḥ | pratibhāgaṃ ca daṇḍaṃ ca sa sadyo narakaṃ vrajet) ||

A king who does not afford protection, (yet) takes his share in kind, his taxes, tolls and duties, daily presents and fines, will (after death) soon sink into hell. 303-311.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अरक्षितारम् राजानं बलिषड्भागहारिणम् । [क्: अरक्षितारं अत्तारं] तम् आहुः) सर्वलोकस्य समग्रमलहारकम् ॥

arakṣitāram rājānaṃ baliṣaḍbhāga.hāriṇam | [K: arakṣitāraṃ attāraṃ] tam āhuḥ) sarvalokasya samagramala.hārakam ||

They declare that a king who affords no protection, (yet) receives the sixth part of the produce, takes upon himself all the foulness of his whole people.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अनपेक्षितमर्यादं नास्तिकं विप्रलुंपकम् । [मनवेक्षितमर्यादं ] अरक्षितारम् अत्तारं नृपं विद्याद्) अधोगतिम् ॥

anapekṣita.maryādaṃ nāstikaṃ vipraluṃpakam | [M.anavekṣita.maryādaṃ ] arakṣitāram attāraṃ nṛpaṃ vidyād) adho.gatim ||

Know that a king who heeds not the rules (of the' law), who is an atheist, and rapacious, who does not protect (his subjects, but) devours them, will sink low (after death).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अधार्मिकं त्रिभिर् न्यायैर् निगृह्णीयात्) प्रयत्नतः । निरोधनेन बन्धेन विविधेन वधेन च ॥

adhārmikaṃ tribhir nyāyair nigṛhṇīyāt) prayatnataḥ | nirodhanena bandhena vividhena vadhena ca ||

Let him carefully restrain the wicked by three methods, — by imprisonment, by putting them in fetters, and by various (kinds of) corporal punishments.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

निग्रहेण हि पापानां साधूनां संग्रहेण च । द्विजातय इव-इज्याभिः पूयन्ते) सततं नृपाः ॥

nigraheṇa hi pāpānāṃ sādhūnāṃ saṃgraheṇa ca | dvijātaya iva-ijyābhiḥ pūyante) satataṃ nṛpāḥ ||

For by punishing the wicked and by favouring the virtuous, kings are constantly sanctified, just as twice-born men by sacrifices.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

क्षन्तव्यं) प्रभुणा नित्यं क्षिपतां) कार्यिणां नृणाम् । बालवृद्धआतुराणां च कुर्वता) हितम् आत्मनः ॥

kṣantavyaṃ) prabhuṇā nityaṃ kṣipatāṃ) kāryiṇāṃ nṛṇām | bāla.vṛddha.āturāṇāṃ ca kurvatā) hitam ātmanaḥ ||

A king who desires his own welfare must always forgive litigants, infants, aged and sick men, who inveigh against him.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यः क्षिप्तो) मर्षयत्य्) आर्तैस् तेन स्वर्गे महीयते) । यस् त्व् ऐश्वर्यान् न क्षमते) नरकं तेन गच्छति) ॥

yaḥ kṣipto) marṣayaty) ārtais tena svarge mahīyate) | yas tv aiśvaryān na kṣamate) narakaṃ tena gacchati) ||

He who, being abused by men in pain, pardons (them), will in reward of that (act) be exalted in heaven; but he who, (proud) of his kingly state,

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

राजा स्तेनेन गन्तव्यो मुक्तकेशेन धावता । [म्। धीमता ] आचक्षाणेन तत् स्तेयम् एवंकर्मा-अस्मि) शाधि) माम् ॥

rājā stenena gantavyo mukta.keśena dhāvatā | [M. dhīmatā ] ācakṣāṇena tat steyam evaṃkarmā-asmi) śādhi) mām ||

A thief shall, running, approach the king, with flying hair, confessing that theft (and saying), 'Thus have I done, punish me;'

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

स्कन्धेन-आदाय) मुसलं लगुडं वा-अपि खादिरम् । [म्मुशलं ] शक्तिं च-उभयतस् तीक्ष्णाम् आयसं दण्डम् एव वा ॥

skandhena-ādāya) musalaṃ laguḍaṃ vā-api khādiram | [M.muśalaṃ ] śaktiṃ ca-ubhayatas tīkṣṇām āyasaṃ daṇḍam eva vā ||

(And he must) carry on his shoulder a pestle, or a club of Khadira wood, or a spear sharp at both ends, or an iron staff.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

शासनाद् वा विमोक्षाद् वा स्तेनः स्तेयाद् विमुच्यते) । अशासित्वा) तु तं राजा स्तेनस्य-आप्नोति) किल्बिषम् ॥

śāsanād vā vimokṣād vā stenaḥ steyād vimucyate) | a.śāsitvā) tu taṃ rājā stenasya-āpnoti) kilbiṣam ||

Whether he be punished or pardoned, the thief is freed from the (guilt of) theft; but the king, if he punishes not, takes upon himself the guilt of the thief. ^jt

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अन्नादे भ्रूणहा मार्ष्टि) पत्यौ भार्या-अपचारिणी । गुरौ शिष्यश् च याज्यश् च स्तेनो राजनि किल्बिषम् ॥

annāde bhrūṇahā mārṣṭi) patyau bhāryā-apacāriṇī | gurau śiṣyaś ca yājyaś ca steno rājani kilbiṣam ||

The killer of a learned Brāhmaṇa throws his guilt on him who eats his food, an adulterous h wife on her (negligent) husband, a (sinning) pupil or. < sacrificer on (their negligent) teacher (or priest), a J thief on the king (who pardons him).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

राजभिः कृतदण्डास् तु कृत्वा) पापानि मानवाः । [म्राजभिर् धृतदण्डास् तु] निर्मलाः स्वर्गम् आयान्ति) सन्तः सुकृतिनो यथा ॥

rājabhiḥ kṛtadaṇḍās tu kṛtvā) pāpāni mānavāḥ | [M.rājabhir dhṛtadaṇḍās tu] nir.malāḥ svargam āyānti) santaḥ sukṛtino yathā ||

But men who have committed crimes and have been punished by the king, go to heaven, being pure like those who performed meritorious deeds.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यस् तु रज्जुं घटं कूपाद्द् हरेद्) भिन्द्याच्) च यः प्रपाम् । स दण्डं प्राप्नुयान्) माषं तच् च तस्मिन् समाहरेत्) ॥

yas tu rajjuṃ ghaṭaṃ kūpādd hared) bhindyāc) ca yaḥ prapām | sa daṇḍaṃ prāpnuyān) māṣaṃ tac ca tasmin samāharet) ||

He who steals the rope or the water-pot from a well, or damages a hut where water is distri314-316.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

धान्यं दशभ्यः कुम्भेभ्यो हरतो) ऽअभ्यधिकं वधः । शेषे ऽअप्य् एकादशगुणं दाप्यस्) तस्य च तद् धनम् ॥

dhānyaṃ daśabhyaḥ kumbhebhyo harato) 'abhyadhikaṃ vadhaḥ | śeṣe 'apy ekādaśaguṇaṃ dāpyas) tasya ca tad dhanam ||

On him who steals more than ten kumbhas of grain corporal punishment (shall be inflicted); in other cases he shall be fined eleven times as much, and shall pay to the (owner the value of his) property.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

तथा धरिममेयानां शताद् अभ्यधिके वधः । सुवर्णरजतादीनाम् उत्तमानां च वाससाम् ॥

tathā dharimameyānāṃ śatād abhyadhike vadhaḥ | suvarṇa.rajatādīnām uttamānāṃ ca vāsasām ||

So shall corporal punishment be inflicted for stealing more than a hundred (palas) of articles sold by the weight, (i. e.) of gold, silver, and so forth, and of most excellent clothes.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

पञ्चाशतस् त्व् अभ्यधिके हस्तच्छेदनम् इष्यते) । शेषे त्व् एकादशगुणं मूल्याद् दण्डं प्रकल्पयेत्) ॥

pañcāśatas tv abhyadhike hastacchedanam iṣyate) | śeṣe tv ekādaśaguṇaṃ mūlyād daṇḍaṃ prakalpayet) ||

For (stealing) more than fifty (palas) it is enacted that the hands (of the offender) shall be cut off; but in other cases, let him inflict a fine of eleven times the value.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

पुरुषाणां कुलीनानां नारीणां च विशेषतः । मुख्यानां च-एव रत्नानां हरणे वधम् अर्हति) ॥

puruṣāṇāṃ kulīnānāṃ nārīṇāṃ ca viśeṣataḥ | mukhyānāṃ ca-eva ratnānāṃ haraṇe vadham arhati) ||

For stealing men of noble family and especially women and the most precious gems, (the offender) deserves corporal (or capital) punishment.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

महापशूनां हरणे शस्त्राणाम् औषधस्य च । कालम् आसाद्य) कार्यं च दण्डं राजा प्रकल्पयेत्) ॥

mahāpaśūnāṃ haraṇe śastrāṇām auṣadhasya ca | kālam āsādya) kāryaṃ ca daṇḍaṃ rājā prakalpayet) ||

For stealing large animals, weapons, or medicines, let the king fix a punishment, after considering the time and the purpose (for which they were destined). 'One masha/ i.e. 'of copper'

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

गोषु ब्राह्मणसंस्थासु छुरिकायाश् च भेदने । [म्खरिकायाश् च] पशूनां हरणे च-एव सद्यः कार्यो ऽअर्धपादिकः ॥

goṣu brāhmaṇasaṃsthāsu churikāyāś ca bhedane | [M.kharikāyāś ca] paśūnāṃ haraṇe ca-eva sadyaḥ kāryo 'ardhapādikaḥ ||

For (stealing) cows belonging to Brāhmaṇas, W for piercing (the nostrils of) a barren cow, and for V stealing (other) cattle (belonging to Brāhmaṇas, the \\ offender) shall forthwith lose half his feet.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

सूत्रकार्पासकिण्वानां गोमयस्य गुडस्य च । दध्नः क्षीरस्य तक्रस्य पानीयस्य तृणस्य च ॥

sūtra.kārpāsa.kiṇvānāṃ gomayasya guḍasya ca | dadhnaḥ kṣīrasya takrasya pānīyasya tṛṇasya ca ||

(For stealing) thread, cotton, drugs causing fermentation, cowdung, molasses, sour milk, sweet milk, butter-milk, water, or grass,

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

वेणुवैदलभाण्डानां लवणानां तथा-एव च । मृण्मयानां च हरणे मृदो भस्मन एव च ॥

veṇuvaidalabhāṇḍānāṃ lavaṇānāṃ tathā-eva ca | mṛṇmayānāṃ ca haraṇe mṛdo bhasmana eva ca ||

Vessels made of bamboo or other cane, salt of various kinds, earthen (vessels), earth and ashes,

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

मत्स्यानां पक्षिणां च-एव तैलस्य च घृतस्य च । मांसस्य मधुनश् च-एव यच् च-अन्यत् पशुसंभवम् ॥

matsyānāṃ pakṣiṇāṃ ca-eva tailasya ca ghṛtasya ca | māṃsasya madhunaś ca-eva yac ca-anyat paśu.saṃbhavam ||

Fish, birds, oil, clarified butter, meat, honey, and other things that come from beasts,

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अन्येषां च-एवमादीनां मद्यानाम् ओदनस्य च । [म्च-एवमादीनाम् अद्यानाम्] पक्वान्नानां च सर्वेषां तन्मुल्याद् द्विगुणो दमः ॥

anyeṣāṃ ca-evam.ādīnāṃ madyānām odanasya ca | [M.ca-evamādīnām adyānām] pakvānnānāṃ ca sarveṣāṃ tanmulyād dviguṇo damaḥ ||

Or other things of a similar kind, spirituous liquor, boiled rice, and every kind of cooked food, the fine (shall be) twice the value (of the stolen article).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

पुष्पेषु हरिते धान्ये गुल्मवल्लीनगेषु च । अन्येष्व् अपरिपूतेषु दण्डः स्यात्) पञ्चकृष्णलः ॥

puṣpeṣu harite dhānye gulma.vallī.nageṣu ca | anyeṣv a.paripūteṣu daṇḍaḥ syāt) pañcakṛṣṇalaḥ ||

For flowers, green corn, shrubs, creepers, trees, and other unhusked (grain) the fine (shall be) five kṛṣṇalas. weapons were stolen during a combat, or medicines from a very sick man'

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

परिपूतेषु धान्येषु शाकमूलफलेषु च । निरन्वये शतं दण्डः सान्वये ऽअर्धशतं दमः ॥

paripūteṣu dhānyeṣu śāka.mūla.phaleṣu ca | niranvaye śataṃ daṇḍaḥ sānvaye 'ardhaśataṃ damaḥ ||

For husked grain, vegetables, roots, and fruit the fine (shall be) one hundred (paṇas) if there is no connexion (between the owner and the thief), fifty (paṇas) if such a connexion exists.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

स्यात् साहसं त्व् अन्वयवत् प्रसभं कर्म यत् कृतम् । निरन्वयं भवेत्) स्तेयं हृत्वा)-अपव्ययते) च यत् ॥

syāt sāhasaṃ tv anvayavat prasabhaṃ karma yat kṛtam | niranvayaṃ bhavet) steyaṃ hṛtvā)-apavyayate) ca yat ||

An offence (of this description), which is committed in the presence (of the owner) and with violence, will be robbery; if (it is committed) in his absence, it will be theft; likewise if (the possession of) anything is denied after it has been taken.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यस् त्व् एतान्य् उपकॢप्तानि) द्रव्याणि स्तेनयेन्) नरः । तम् आद्यं दण्डयेद्) राजा यश् चाग्निं चोरयेद्) गृहात् ॥ [म्तं शतं]

yas tv etāny upakḷptāni) dravyāṇi stenayen) naraḥ | tam ādyaṃ daṇḍayed) rājā yaś cāgniṃ corayed) gṛhāt || [M.taṃ śataṃ]

On that man who may steal (any of) the above-mentioned articles, when they are prepared for (use), let the king inflict the first (or lowest) amercement; likewise on him who may steal (a sacred) fire out of the room (in which it is kept).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

येन येन यथाङ्गेन स्तेनो नृषु विचेष्टते) । तत् तद् एव हरेत्) तस्य प्रत्यादेशाय पार्थिवः ॥

yena yena yathāṅgena steno nṛṣu viceṣṭate) | tat tad eva haret) tasya pratyādeśāya pārthivaḥ ||

With whatever limb a thief in any way commits (an offence) against men, even of that (the king) shall deprive him in order to prevent (a repetition of the crime). (grain),' instead of anyeshu, ' other.' ' Five knsrmalas/ i. e. of gold'

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

पिता-आचार्यः सुहृत्-माता भार्या पुत्रः पुरोहितः । न-अदण्ड्यो नाम राज्ञो ऽअस्ति) यः स्वधर्मे न तिष्ठति) ॥

pitā-ācāryaḥ suhṛt-mātā bhāryā putraḥ purohitaḥ | na-adaṇḍyo nāma rājño 'asti) yaḥ svadharme na tiṣṭhati) ||

Neither a father, nor a teacher, nor a friend, nor a mother, nor a wife, nor a son, nor a domestic priest must be left unpunished by a king, if they do not keep within their duty.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

कार्षापणं भवेद्) दण्ड्यो यत्र-अन्यः प्राकृतो जनः । तत्र राजा भवेद्) दण्ड्यः सहस्रम् इति धारणा ॥

kārṣāpaṇaṃ bhaved) daṇḍyo yatra-anyaḥ prākṛto janaḥ | tatra rājā bhaved) daṇḍyaḥ sahasram iti dhāraṇā ||

Where another common man would be fined one karshapa/za, the king shall be fined one thousand; that is the settled rule.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अष्टापाद्यं तु शूद्रस्य स्तेये भवति) किल्बिषम् । षोडश-एव तु वैश्यस्य द्वात्रिंशत् क्षत्रियस्य च ॥

aṣṭāpādyaṃ tu śūdrasya steye bhavati) kilbiṣam | ṣoḍaśa-eva tu vaiśyasya dvātriṃśat kṣatriyasya ca ||

In (a case of) theft the guilt of a 6udra shall be eightfold, that of a Vaiśya sixteenfold, that of a Kshatriya two-andthirty fold,

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

ब्राह्मणस्य चतुःषष्टिः पूर्णं वा-अपि शतं भवेत्) । द्विगुणा वा चतुःषष्टिस् तद्दोषगुणविद्द् हि सः ॥

brāhmaṇasya catuḥṣaṣṭiḥ pūrṇaṃ vā-api śataṃ bhavet) | dviguṇā vā catuḥṣaṣṭis taddoṣaguṇavidd hi saḥ ||

That of a Brāhmaṇa sixty-fourfold, or quite a hundredfold, or (even) twice four-and-sixtyfold; (each of them) knowing the nature of the offence.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

वानस्पत्यं मूलफलं दारु-अग्न्यर्थं तथा-एव च । तृणं च गोभ्यो ग्रासअर्थम् अस्तेयं मनुर् अब्रवीत्) ॥

vānaspatyaṃ mūla.phalaṃ dāru-agny.arthaṃ tathā-eva ca | tṛṇaṃ ca gobhyo grāsa.artham asteyaṃ manur abravīt) ||

(The taking of) roots and of fruit from trees, of wood for a (sacrificial) fire, and of grass for feeding cows, Manu has declared (to be) no theft.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यो ऽअदत्तादायिनो हस्तात्- लिप्सेत) ब्राह्मणो धनम् । याजनअध्यापनेन-अपि यथा स्तेनस् तथा-एव सः ॥

yo 'adattādāyino hastāt- lipseta) brāhmaṇo dhanam | yājana.adhyāpanena-api yathā stenas tathā-eva saḥ ||

A Brāhmaṇa, seeking to obtain property from a man who took what was not given to him, either by sacrificing for him or by teaching him, is even like a thief.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

द्विजो ऽअध्वगः क्षीणवृत्तिर् द्वाव् इक्षू द्वे च मूलके । आददानः) परक्षेत्रात्-न दण्डं दातुम् अर्हति) ॥

dvijo 'adhvagaḥ kṣīṇa.vṛttir dvāv ikṣū dve ca mūlake | ādadānaḥ) parakṣetrāt-na daṇḍaṃ dātum arhati) ||

A twice-born man, who is travelling and whose provisions are exhausted, shall not be fined, if he takes two stalks of sugar-cane or two (esculent) roots from the field of another man.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

असंदितानां संदाता संदितानां च मोक्षकः । दासअश्वरथहर्ता च प्राप्तः स्याच्) चोरकिल्बिषम् ॥

a.saṃditānāṃ saṃdātā saṃditānāṃ ca mokṣakaḥ | dāsa.aśva.rathahartā ca prāptaḥ syāc) corakilbiṣam ||

He who ties up unbound or sets free tied up (cattle of other men), he who takes a slave, a horse, or a carriage will have incurred the guilt of a thief.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अनेन विधिना राजा कुर्वाणः) स्तेननिग्रहम् । यशो ऽअस्मिन् प्राप्नुयात्)-लोके प्रेत्य च-अनुत्तमं सुखम् ॥

anena vidhinā rājā kurvāṇaḥ) stenanigraham | yaśo 'asmin prāpnuyāt)-loke pretya ca-anuttamaṃ sukham ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

ऐन्द्रं स्थानम् अभिप्रेप्सुर् यशश् च-अक्षयम् अव्ययम् । न-उपेक्षेत) क्षणम् अपि राजा साहसिकं नरम् ॥

aindraṃ sthānam abhiprepsur yaśaś ca-akṣayam avyayam | na-upekṣeta) kṣaṇam api rājā sāhasikaṃ naram ||

A king who desires to gain the throne of Indra and imperishable eternal fame, shall not, even for a moment, neglect (to punish) the man who commits violence.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

वाग्दुष्टात् तस्कराच् च-एव दण्डेन-एव च हिंसतः) । साहसस्य नरः कर्ता विज्ञेयः) पापकृत्तमः ॥

vāgduṣṭāt taskarāc ca-eva daṇḍena-eva ca hiṃsataḥ) | sāhasasya naraḥ kartā vijñeyaḥ) pāpakṛttamaḥ ||

He who commits violence must be considered as the worst offender, (more wicked) than a defamer, than a thief, and than he who injures (another) with a staff.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

साहसे वर्तमानं) तु यो मर्षयति) पार्थिवः । स विनाशं व्रजत्य्) आशु विद्वेषं च-अधिगच्छति) ॥

sāhase vartamānaṃ) tu yo marṣayati) pārthivaḥ | sa vināśaṃ vrajaty) āśu vidveṣaṃ ca-adhigacchati) ||

But that king who pardons the perpetrator of violence quickly perishes and incurs hatred.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

न मित्रकारणाद् राजा विपुलाद् वा धनागमात् । समुत्सृजेत्) साहसिकान् सर्वभूतभयावहान् ॥

na mitrakāraṇād rājā vipulād vā dhanāgamāt | samutsṛjet) sāhasikān sarvabhūtabhayāvahān ||

Neither for friendships sake, nor for the sake of great lucre, must a king let go perpetrators of violence, who cause terror to all creatures.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

शस्त्रं द्विजातिभिर् ग्राह्यं) धर्मो यत्र-उपरुध्यते) । द्विजातीनां च वर्णानां विप्लवे कालकारिते ॥

śastraṃ dvijātibhir grāhyaṃ) dharmo yatra-uparudhyate) | dvijātīnāṃ ca varṇānāṃ viplave kālakārite ||

Twice-born men may take up arms when (they are) hindered (in the fulfilment of) their duties, when destruction (threatens) the twice-born castes (vama) in (evil) times,

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

आत्मनश् च परित्राणे दक्षिणानां च संगरे । स्त्रीविप्राभ्युपपत्तौ च घ्नन्) धर्मेण न दुष्यति) ॥

ātmanaś ca paritrāṇe dakṣiṇānāṃ ca saṃgare | strī.viprābhyupapattau ca ghnan) dharmeṇa na duṣyati) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

गुरुं वा बालवृद्धौ वा ब्राह्मणं वा बहुश्रुतम् । आततायिनम् आयान्तं हन्याद्) एव-अविचारयन् ॥

guruṃ vā bāla.vṛddhau vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā bahu.śrutam | ātatāyinam āyāntaṃ hanyād) eva-a.vicārayan ||

One may slay without hesitation an assassin who approaches (with murderous intent), whether (he be one's) teacher, a child or an aged man, or a Brāhmaṇa deeply versed in the Vedas.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

न-आततायिवधे दोषो हन्तुर् भवति) कश् चन । प्रकाशं वा-अप्रकाशं वा मन्युस् तं मन्युम् ऋच्छति) ॥

na-ātatāyivadhe doṣo hantur bhavati) kaś cana | prakāśaṃ vā-aprakāśaṃ vā manyus taṃ manyum ṛcchati) ||

By killing an assassin the slayer incurs no guilt, whether (he does it) publicly or secretly; in that case fury recoils upon fury. » «j\ >. ni

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

परदाराभिमर्शेषु प्रवृत्तान् न्क़्न् महीपतिः । उद्वेजनकरैर् दण्डैश् छिन्नयित्वा) प्रवासयेत्) ॥ [म्चिह्नयित्वा)]

paradārābhimarśeṣu pravṛttān nqn mahīpatiḥ | udvejanakarair daṇḍaiś chinnayitvā) pravāsayet) || [M.cihnayitvā)]

Men who commit adultery with the wives of I' I'' others, the king shall cause to be marked by punishments which cause terror, and afterwards banish. ^K f JL/

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

तत्समुत्थो हि लोकस्य जायते) वर्णसंकरः । येन मूलहरो ऽअधर्मः सर्वनाशाय कल्पते) ॥

tat.samuttho hi lokasya jāyate) varṇasaṃkaraḥ | yena mūlaharo 'adharmaḥ sarvanāśāya kalpate) ||

For by (adultery) is caused a mixture of the I ' castes (vanza) among men; thence (follows) sin,, which cuts up even the roots and causes the destruction of everything.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

परस्य पत्न्या पुरुषः संभाषां योजयन्) रहः । पूर्वम् आक्षारितो) दोषैः प्राप्नुयात्) पूर्वसाहसम् ॥

parasya patnyā puruṣaḥ saṃbhāṣāṃ yojayan) rahaḥ | pūrvam ākṣārito) doṣaiḥ prāpnuyāt) pūrvasāhasam ||

A man formerly accused of (such) offences, who secretly converses with another man's wife, shall pay the first (or lowest) amercement.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यस् त्व् अनाक्षारितः पूर्वम् अभिभाषते) कारणात् । न दोषं प्राप्नुयात्) किं चिन् न हि तस्य व्यतिक्रमः ॥

yas tv an.ākṣāritaḥ pūrvam abhibhāṣate) kāraṇāt | na doṣaṃ prāpnuyāt) kiṃ cin na hi tasya vyatikramaḥ ||

But a man, not before accused, who (thus) speaks with (a woman) for some (reasonable) cause, shall not incur any guilt, since in him there is no transgression.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

परस्त्रियं यो ऽअभिवदेत्) तीर्थे ऽअरण्ये वने ऽअपि वा । नदीनां वा-अपि संभेदे स संग्रहणम् आप्नुयात्) ॥

parastriyaṃ yo 'abhivadet) tīrthe 'araṇye vane 'api vā | nadīnāṃ vā-api saṃbhede sa saṃgrahaṇam āpnuyāt) ||

He who addresses the wife of another man at a Tirtha, outside the village, in a forest, or at the confluence of rivers, shall suffer (the punishment for) adulterous acts (saṃgrahaṇa).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

उपचारक्रिया केलिः स्पर्शो भूषणवाससाम् । [मुपकारक्रिया] सह खट्वा-आसनं च-एव सर्वं संग्रहणं स्मृतम् ॥

upacārakriyā keliḥ sparśo bhūṣaṇa.vāsasām | [M.upakārakriyā] saha khaṭvā-āsanaṃ ca-eva sarvaṃ saṃgrahaṇaṃ smṛtam ||

Offering presents (to a woman), romping (with her), touching her ornaments and dress, sitting with her on a bed, all (these acts) are considered adulterous acts (saṃgrahaṇa).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

स्त्रियं स्पृशेद्) अदेशे यः स्पृष्टो) वा मर्षयेत्) तया । परस्परस्य-अनुमते सर्वं संग्रहणं स्मृतम् ॥

striyaṃ spṛśed) adeśe yaḥ spṛṣṭo) vā marṣayet) tayā | parasparasya-anumate sarvaṃ saṃgrahaṇaṃ smṛtam ||

If one touches a woman in a place (which ought) not (to be touched) or allows (oneself to be touched in such a spot), all (such acts done) with mutual consent are declared (to be) adulterous (sa//zgraha/za).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अब्राह्मणः संग्रहणे प्राणान्तं दण्डम् अर्हति) । चतुर्णाम् अपि वर्णानां दारा रक्ष्यतमाः सदा ॥

abrāhmaṇaḥ saṃgrahaṇe prāṇāntaṃ daṇḍam arhati) | caturṇām api varṇānāṃ dārā rakṣyatamāḥ sadā ||

A man who is not a Brāhmaṇa ought to suffer death for adultery (saṃgrahaṇa); for the wives of all the four castes even must always be (|_ carefully guarded.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

भिक्षुका बन्दिनश् च-एव दीक्षिताः कारवस् तथा । संभाषनं सह स्त्रीभिः कुर्युर्) अप्रतिवारिताः ॥

bhikṣukā bandinaś ca-eva dīkṣitāḥ kāravas tathā | saṃbhāṣanaṃ saha strībhiḥ kuryur) a.prativāritāḥ ||

Mendicants, bards, men who have performed the initiatory ceremony of a Vedic sacrifice, and artisans are not prohibited from speaking to married women.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.