Let the (king), having fully ascertained the motive, the time and place (of the offence), and having considered the ability (of the criminal to suffer) and the (nature of the) crime, cause punishment to fall on those who deserve it.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
adharmadaṇḍanaṃ loke yaśoghnaṃ kīrtināśanam | asvargyaṃ ca paratra-api tasmāt tat parivarjayet) ||
Unjust punishment destroys reputation among men, and fame (after death), and causes even in the next world the loss of heaven; let him, therefore, beware of (inflicting) it.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
A king who punishes those who do not deserve it, and punishes not those who deserve it, brings great infamy on himself and (after death) sinks into hell.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
Let him punish first by (gentle) admonition, afterwards by (harsh) reproof, thirdly by a fine, after that by corporal chastisement.. But when he cannot restrain such (offenders) even by corporal punishment, then let him apply to them even all the four (modes conjointly).
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
द्विकं शतं वा गृह्णीयात्) सतां धर्मम् अनुस्मरन्) । द्विकं शतं हि गृह्णानो) न भवत्य्) अर्थकिल्बिषी ॥
dvikaṃ śataṃ vā gṛhṇīyāt) satāṃ dharmam anusmaran) | dvikaṃ śataṃ hi gṛhṇāno) na bhavaty) arthakilbiṣī ||
Or, remembering the duty of good men, he may take two in the hundred (by the month), for he who takes two in the hundred becomes not a sinner for gain.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
न त्व् एव-आधौ सौपकारे कौसीदीं वृद्धिम् आप्नुयात्) । न च-आधेः कालसंरोधात्-निसर्गो ऽअस्ति) न विक्रयः ॥
na tv eva-ādhau sa.upakāre kausīdīṃ vṛddhim āpnuyāt) | na ca-ādheḥ kālasaṃrodhāt-nisargo 'asti) na vikrayaḥ ||
But if a beneficial pledge (i.e. one from which profit accrues, has been given), he shall receive no interest on the loan; nor can he, after keeping (such) a pledge for a very long time, give or sell it.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
A pledge (to be kept only) must not be used by force, (the creditor), so using it, shall give up his (whole) interest, or, (if it has been spoilt by use) he shall satisfy the (owner) by (paying its) original price; else he commits a theft of the pledge.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
यत् किं चिद् दशवर्षाणि संनिधौ प्रेक्षते) धनी । भुज्यमानं) परैस् तूष्णीं न स तत्-लब्धुम् अर्हति) ॥
yat kiṃ cid daśavarṣāṇi saṃnidhau prekṣate) dhanī | bhujyamānaṃ) parais tūṣṇīṃ na sa tat-labdhum arhati) ||
(But in general) whatever (chattel) an owner sees enjoyed by others during ten years, while, though present, he says nothing, that (chattel) he shall not recover.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
ajaḍaś ced apogaṇḍo viṣaye ca-asya bhujyate) | bhagnaṃ tad vyavahāreṇa bhoktā tad dravyam arhati || [M.tad dhanam arhati)]
If (the owner is) neither an idiot nor a minor and if (his chattel) is enjoyed (by another) before his eyes, it is lost to him by law; the adverse possessor shall retain that property.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
आधिः सीमा बालधनं निक्षेपौपनिधिः स्त्रियः । [म्निक्षेपौपनिधी] राजस्वं श्रोत्रियस्वं च न भोगेन प्रणश्यति) ॥
ādhiḥ sīmā bāladhanaṃ nikṣepa.upanidhiḥ striyaḥ | [M.nikṣepa.upanidhī] rājasvaṃ śrotriyasvaṃ ca na bhogena praṇaśyati) ||
A pledge, a boundary, the property of infants, an (open) deposit, a sealed deposit, women, the property of the king and the wealth of a ^rotriya are not lost in consequence of (adverse) enjoyment.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
In money transactions interest paid at one time (not by instalments) shall never exceed the double (of the principal); on grain, fruit, wool or hair, (and) beasts of burden it must not be more than five times (the original amount).
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
Stipulated interest beyond the legal rate, being against (the law), cannot be recovered; they call that a usurious way (of lending); (the lender) is (in no case) entitled to (more than) five in the hundred.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
न-अतिसांवत्सरीं वृद्धिं न च-अदृष्टां पुनर् हरेत् । [म्विनिर्हरेत्)] चक्रवृद्धिः कालवृद्धिः कारिता कायिका च या ।
na-ati.sāṃvatsarīṃ vṛddhiṃ na ca-adṛṣṭāṃ punar haret | [M.vinirharet)] cakravṛddhiḥ kālavṛddhiḥ kāritā kāyikā ca yā |
Let him not take interest beyond the year, nor such as is unapproved, nor compound interest, periodical interest, stipulated interest, and corporal interest. i.e. 'female slaves and the like.'
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
चक्रवृद्धिं समारूढो) देशकालव्यवस्थितः । अतिक्रामन्) देशकालौ न तत्फलम् अवाप्नुयात्) ॥
cakravṛddhiṃ samārūḍho) deśa.kālavyavasthitaḥ | atikrāman) deśa.kālau na tatphalam avāpnuyāt) ||
He who has made a contract to carry goods by a wheeled carriage for money and has agreed to a certain place or time, shall not reap that reward, if he does not keep to the place and the time (stipulated). a year has passed'
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
samudrayānakuśalā deśa.kāla.arthadarśinaḥ | sthāpayanti) tu yāṃ vṛddhiṃ sā tatra-adhigamaṃ prati ||
Whatever rate men fix, who are expert in sea-voyages and able to calculate (the profit) according to the place, the time, and the objects (carried), that (has legal force) in such cases with respect to the payment (to be made).
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
प्रातिभाव्यं वृथादानम् आक्षिकं सौरिकां च यत् । दण्डशुल्कावशेषं च न पुत्रो दातुम् अर्हति) ॥
prātibhāvyaṃ vṛthādānam ākṣikaṃ saurikāṃ ca yat | daṇḍa.śulkāvaśeṣaṃ ca na putro dātum arhati) ||
But money due by a surety, or idly promised, or lost at play, or due for spirituous liquor, or what remains unpaid of a fine and a tax or duty, the son (of the party owing it) shall not be obliged to pay.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
darśanaprātibhāvye tu vidhiḥ syāt) pūrvacoditaḥ | dānapratibhuvi prete) dāyādān api dāpayet) ||
This just mentioned rule shall apply to the case of a surety for appearance (only); if a surety for payment should die, the (judge) may compel even his heirs to discharge the debt.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
On what account then is it that after the death of a surety other than for payment, whose explain £akravr*'ddhi, ' a contract to carry goods by a wheeled carriage,' by ' compound interest;' and
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
ग्रहीता यदि नष्टः) स्यात्) कुटुम्बार्थे कृतो व्ययः । [म्कुटुम्बे च ] दातव्यं बान्धवैस् तत् स्यात्) प्रविभक्तैर् अपि स्वतः ॥
grahītā yadi naṣṭaḥ) syāt) kuṭumbārthe kṛto vyayaḥ | [M.kuṭumbe ca ] dātavyaṃ bāndhavais tat syāt) pravibhaktair api svataḥ ||
If the debtor be dead and (the money borrowed) was expended for the family, it must be paid by the relatives out of their own estate even if they are divided. he became a surety (e. g. for appearance or good behaviour) being fully known '
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
Should even a person wholly dependent make a contract for the behoof of the family, the master (of the house), whether (living) in his own country or abroad, shall not rescind it.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
What is given by force, what is enjoyed by force, also what has been caused to be written by force, and all other transactions done by force, Man has declared void.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
Three suffer for the sake of others, witnesses, a surety, and judges; but four enrich themselves (through others), a Brāhmaṇa, a money-lender, a merchant, and a king.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
No king, however indigent, shall take anything that ought not to be taken, nor shall he, " it must be repaid by the members of the family, though they may have separated afterwards.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
अनादेयस्य च-आदानाद् आदेयस्य च वर्जनात् । दौर्बल्यं ख्याप्यते) राज्ञः स प्रेत्य-इह च नश्यति) ॥
an.ādeyasya ca-ādānād ādeyasya ca varjanāt | daurbalyaṃ khyāpyate) rājñaḥ sa pretya-iha ca naśyati) ||
In consequence of his taking what ought not to be taken, or of his refusing what ought to be received, a king will be accused of weakness and perish in this (world) and after death.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
स्वादानाद् वर्णसंसर्गात् त्व् अबलानां च रक्षणात् । बलं संजायते) राज्ञः स प्रेत्य-इह च वर्धते) ॥
svādānād varṇasaṃsargāt tv abalānāṃ ca rakṣaṇāt | balaṃ saṃjāyate) rājñaḥ sa pretya-iha ca vardhate) ||
By taking his due, by preventing the confusion of the castes (varṇa), and by protecting the weak, the power of the king grows, and he prospers in this (world) and after death.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
Let the prince, therefore, like Yama, not heeding his own likings and dislikings, behave exactly like Yama, suppressing his anger and controlling himself.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
यः साधयन्तं) छन्देन वेदयेद्) धनिकं नृपे । स राज्ञा तत्-चतुर्भागं दाप्यस्) तस्य च तद् धनम् ॥
yaḥ sādhayantaṃ) chandena vedayed) dhanikaṃ nṛpe | sa rājñā tat-caturbhāgaṃ dāpyas) tasya ca tad dhanam ||
(The debtor) who complains to the king that his creditor recovers (the debt) independently (of the court), shall be compelled by the king to pay (as a fine) one quarter (of the sum) and to his (creditor) the money (due).
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
A sensible man should make a deposit (only) with a person of (good) family, of good conduct, well acquainted with the law, veracious, having many relatives, wealthy, and honourable (arya).
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
यो यथा निक्षिपेद्द्) हस्ते यम् अर्थं यस्य मानवः । स तथा-एव ग्रहीतव्यो) यथा दायस् तथा ग्रहः ॥
yo yathā nikṣipedd) haste yam arthaṃ yasya mānavaḥ | sa tathā-eva grahītavyo) yathā dāyas tathā grahaḥ ||
In whatever manner a person shall deposit anything in the hands of another, in the same manner ought the same thing to be received back (by the owner); as the delivery (was, so must be) the re-delivery.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
On failure of witnesses let the (judge) actually deposit gold with that (defendant) under some pretext or other through spies of suitable age and appearance (and afterwards demand it back).
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
nikṣepasya-apahartāram anikṣeptāram eva ca | sarvair upāyair anvicchet)-śapathaiś ca-eva vaidikaiḥ ||
Him who appropriates a deposit and him (who asks for it) without having made it, (the judge) shall try by all (sorts of) means, and by the oaths prescribed in the Veda.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
He who does not return a deposit and he who demands what he never bailed shall both be punished like thieves, or be compelled to pay a fine equal (to the value of the object retained or claimed).
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
The king should compel him who does not restore an open deposit, and in like manner him who retains a sealed deposit, to pay a fine equal (to its value).
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
उपधाभिश् च यः कश् चित् परद्रव्यं हरेन्) नरः । ससहायः स हन्तव्यः) प्रकाशं विविधैर् वधैः ॥
upadhābhiś ca yaḥ kaś cit paradravyaṃ haren) naraḥ | sa.sahāyaḥ sa hantavyaḥ) prakāśaṃ vividhair vadhaiḥ ||
That man who by false pretences may possess himself of another's property, shall be publicly punished by various (modes of) corporal (or capital) chastisement, together with his accomplices.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
If the (offender) is a kinsman (of the owner), he shall be fined six hundred paṇas; if he is not a kinsman, nor has any excuse, he shall be guilty of theft. king's anger, by promising to obtain for them favours from the king, or the love of a maiden, and so forth'
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
If the original (seller) be not producible, (the buyer) being exculpated by a public sale, must be dismissed by the king without punishment, but (the former owner) who lost the chattel shall receive it (back from the buyer).
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
न-अन्यद् अन्येन संसृष्टरूपं विक्रयम् अर्हति) । न च-असारं न च न्यूनं न दूरेण तिरोहितम् ॥ [म्। न सावद्यं न च न्यूनं न दूरे न तिरोहितम् ]
na-anyad anyena saṃsṛṣṭarūpaṃ vikrayam arhati) | na ca-a.sāraṃ na ca nyūnaṃ na dūreṇa tirohitam || [M. na sāvadyaṃ na ca nyūnaṃ na dūre na tirohitam ]
One commodity mixed with another must not be sold (as pure), nor a bad one (as good), nor less (than the proper quantity or weight), nor anything that is not at hand or that is concealed.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
The Adhvaryu priest shall take the chariot, and the Brahman at the kindling of the fires (Agnyadhana) a horse, the Hotri priest shall also take a horse, and the Udgatrz the cart, (used) when (the Soma) is purchased.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
The (four) chief priests among all (the sixteen), who are entitled to one half, shall receive a moiety (of the fee), the next (four) one half of that, the set entitled to a third share, one third, and those entitled to a fourth a quarter. 2i i. By the application of these principles the allotment of shares must be made among those men who here (below) perform their work conjointly.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
धर्मार्थं येन दत्तं स्यात्) कस्मै चिद् याचते) धनम् । पश्चाच् च न तथा तत् स्यान्) न देयं तस्य तद् भवेत्) ॥
dharmārthaṃ yena dattaṃ syāt) kasmai cid yācate) dhanam | paścāc ca na tathā tat syān) na deyaṃ tasya tad bhavet) ||
Should money be given (or promised) for a pious purpose by one man to another who asks for it, the gift shall be void, if the (money is) afterwards not (used) in the manner (stated).
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
यदि संसाधयेत्) तत् तु दर्पात्-लोभेन वा पुनः । राज्ञा दाप्यः) सुवर्णं स्यात्) तस्य स्तेयस्य निष्कृतिः ॥
yadi saṃsādhayet) tat tu darpāt-lobhena vā punaḥ | rājñā dāpyaḥ) suvarṇaṃ syāt) tasya steyasya niṣkṛtiḥ ||
But if the (recipient) through pride or greed tries to enforce (the fulfilment of the promise), he shall be compelled by the king to pay one suvar^a as an expiation for his theft.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
pareṇa tu daśāhasya na dadyān) nāpi dāpayet) | ādadāno) dadat) ca-eva rājñā daṇḍyau) śatāni ṣaṭ ||
But after (the lapse of) ten days he may neither give nor cause it to be given (back); both he who takes it (back) and he who gives it (back, except by consent) shall be fined by the king six hundred (paṇas).
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
pāṇigrahaṇikā mantrāḥ kanyāsv eva pratiṣṭhitāḥ) | na-akanyāsu kva cin nqṇāṃ lupta.dharmakriyā hi tāḥ ||
The nuptial texts are applied solely to virgins, (and) nowhere among men to females who have lost their virginity, for such (females) are excluded from religious ceremonies. should be 'four suvarwas or six nishkas or one jatamana/
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
naṣṭaṃ vinaṣṭaṃ) kṛmibhiḥ śvahataṃ viṣame mṛtam) | hīnaṃ puruṣakāreṇa pradadyāt) pāla eva tu ||
The herdsman alone shall make good (the loss of a beast) strayed, destroyed by worms, killed by dogs or (by falling) into a pit, if he did not duly exert himself (to prevent it).
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
विघुष्य) तु हृतं चौरैर् न पालो दातुम् अर्हति) । यदि देशे च काले च स्वामिनः स्वस्य शंसति) ॥
vighuṣya) tu hṛtaṃ caurair na pālo dātum arhati) | yadi deśe ca kāle ca svāminaḥ svasya śaṃsati) ||
But for (an animal) stolen by thieves, though he raised an alarm, the herdsman shall not pay, provided he gives notice to his master at the proper place and time.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
कर्णौ चर्म च वालांश् च बस्तिं स्नायुं च रोचनाम् । पशुषु स्वामिनां दद्यान्) मृतेष्व्) अङ्कानि दर्शयेत् ॥ [मङ्कांश् च दर्शयेत्)]
karṇau carma ca vālāṃś ca bastiṃ snāyuṃ ca rocanām | paśuṣu svāmināṃ dadyān) mṛteṣv) aṅkāni darśayet || [M.aṅkāṃś ca darśayet)]
If cattle die, let him carry to his master their ears, skin, tails, bladders, tendons, and the yellow concrete bile, and let him point out their particular marks.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
aja.avike tu saṃruddhe) vṛkaiḥ pāle tv an.āyati) | yāṃ prasahya) vṛko hanyāt) pāle tat kilbiṣaṃ bhavet) ||
But if goats or sheep are surrounded by wolves and the herdsman does not hasten (to their assistance), he shall be responsible for any (animal) which a wolf may attack and kill.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
tāsāṃ ced avaruddhānāṃ) carantīnāṃ) mitho vane | yām utplutya) vṛko hanyān) na pālas tatra kilbiṣī ||
But if they, kept in (proper) order, graze together in the forest, and a wolf, suddenly jumping on one of them, kills it, the herdsman shall bear in that case no responsibility.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
On all sides of a village a space, one hundred dhanus or three samya-throws (in breadth), shall be reserved (for pasture), and thrice (that space) round a town.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.
(If cattle do mischief) in an enclosed field near a highway or near a village, the herdsman shall be fined one hundred (paṇas); (but cattle), unattended by a herdsman, (the watchman in the field) shall drive away.
Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.