Library·Manu-Smrti·8

Manu-Smrti 8

कामाद् दशगुणं पूर्वं क्रोधात् तु त्रिगुणं परम् । अज्ञानाद् द्वे शते पूर्णे बालिश्यात्-शतम् एव तु ॥

kāmād daśaguṇaṃ pūrvaṃ krodhāt tu triguṇaṃ param | ajñānād dve śate pūrṇe bāliśyāt-śatam eva tu ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

एतान् आहुः) कौटसाक्ष्ये प्रोक्तान्) दण्डान् मनीषिभिः । धर्मस्य-अव्यभिचारार्थम् अधर्मनियमाय च ॥

etān āhuḥ) kauṭasākṣye proktān) daṇḍān manīṣibhiḥ | dharmasya-avyabhicārārtham adharmaniyamāya ca ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

कौटसाक्ष्यं तु कुर्वाणांस्) त्रीन् वर्णान् धार्मिको नृपः । प्रवासयेद्) दण्डयित्वा) ब्राह्मणं तु विवासयेत्) ॥

kauṭasākṣyaṃ tu kurvāṇāṃs) trīn varṇān dhārmiko nṛpaḥ | pravāsayed) daṇḍayitvā) brāhmaṇaṃ tu vivāsayet) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

दश स्थानानि दण्डस्य मनुः स्वयंभुवो ऽअब्रवीत्) । त्रिषु वर्णेषु यानि स्युर्) अक्षतो ब्राह्मणो व्रजेत्) ॥

daśa sthānāni daṇḍasya manuḥ svayaṃbhuvo 'abravīt) | triṣu varṇeṣu yāni syur) akṣato brāhmaṇo vrajet) ||

Manu, the son of the Self-existent (Svayambhu), has named ten places on which punishment 19-123. Yagn. II,.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

उपस्थम् उदरं जिह्वा हस्तौ पादौ च पञ्चमम् । चक्षुर् नासा च कर्णौ च धनं देहस् तथा-एव च ॥

upastham udaraṃ jihvā hastau pādau ca pañcamam | cakṣur nāsā ca karṇau ca dhanaṃ dehas tathā-eva ca ||

(These are) the organ, the belly, the tongue, the two hands, and fifthly the two feet, the eye, the nose, the two ears, likewise the (whole) body.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अनुबन्धं परिज्ञाय) देशकालौ च तत्त्वतः । सारअपराधो च-आलोक्य) दण्डं दण्ड्येषु पातयेत्) ॥

anubandhaṃ parijñāya) deśa.kālau ca tattvataḥ | sāra.aparādho ca-ālokya) daṇḍaṃ daṇḍyeṣu pātayet) ||

Let the (king), having fully ascertained the motive, the time and place (of the offence), and having considered the ability (of the criminal to suffer) and the (nature of the) crime, cause punishment to fall on those who deserve it.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अधर्मदण्डनं लोके यशोघ्नं कीर्तिनाशनम् । अस्वर्ग्यं च परत्र-अपि तस्मात् तत् परिवर्जयेत्) ॥

adharmadaṇḍanaṃ loke yaśoghnaṃ kīrtināśanam | asvargyaṃ ca paratra-api tasmāt tat parivarjayet) ||

Unjust punishment destroys reputation among men, and fame (after death), and causes even in the next world the loss of heaven; let him, therefore, beware of (inflicting) it.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अदण्ड्यान् दण्डयन्) राजा दण्ड्यांश् च-एव-अप्य् अदण्डयन्) । अयशो महद् आप्नोति) नरकं च-एव गच्छति) ॥

adaṇḍyān daṇḍayan) rājā daṇḍyāṃś ca-eva-apy adaṇḍayan) | ayaśo mahad āpnoti) narakaṃ ca-eva gacchati) ||

A king who punishes those who do not deserve it, and punishes not those who deserve it, brings great infamy on himself and (after death) sinks into hell.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

वाग्दण्डं प्रथमं कुर्याद्) धिग्दण्डं तदनन्तरम् । तृतीयं धनदण्डं तु वधदण्डम् अतः परम् ॥

vāgdaṇḍaṃ prathamaṃ kuryād) dhigdaṇḍaṃ tadanantaram | tṛtīyaṃ dhanadaṇḍaṃ tu vadhadaṇḍam ataḥ param ||

Let him punish first by (gentle) admonition, afterwards by (harsh) reproof, thirdly by a fine, after that by corporal chastisement.. But when he cannot restrain such (offenders) even by corporal punishment, then let him apply to them even all the four (modes conjointly).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

वधेन-अपि यदा त्व् एतान् निग्रहीतुं) न शक्नुयात्) । तदा-एषु सर्वम् अप्य् एतत् प्रयुञ्जीत) चतुष्टयम् ॥

vadhena-api yadā tv etān nigrahītuṃ) na śaknuyāt) | tadā-eṣu sarvam apy etat prayuñjīta) catuṣṭayam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

लोकसंव्यवहारार्थं याः संज्ञाः प्रथिता) भुवि । ताम्ररूप्यसुवर्णानां ताः प्रवक्ष्याम्य्) अशेषतः ॥

lokasaṃvyavahārārthaṃ yāḥ saṃjñāḥ prathitā) bhuvi | tāmra.rūpya.suvarṇānāṃ tāḥ pravakṣyāmy) aśeṣataḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

जालान्तरगते भानौ यत् सूक्ष्मं दृश्यते) रजः । प्रथमं तत् प्रमाणानां त्रसरेणुं प्रचक्षते) ॥

jālāntaragate bhānau yat sūkṣmaṃ dṛśyate) rajaḥ | prathamaṃ tat pramāṇānāṃ trasareṇuṃ pracakṣate) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

त्रसरेणवो ऽअष्टौ विज्ञेया) लिक्षा-एका परिमाणतः । ता राजसर्षपस् तिस्रस् ते त्रयो गौरसर्षपः ॥

trasareṇavo 'aṣṭau vijñeyā) likṣā-ekā parimāṇataḥ | tā rājasarṣapas tisras te trayo gaurasarṣapaḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

सर्षपाः षड् यवो मध्यस् त्रियवं त्व् एककृष्णलम् । पञ्चकृष्णलको माषस् ते सुवर्णस् तु षोडश ॥

sarṣapāḥ ṣaḍ yavo madhyas triyavaṃ tv ekakṛṣṇalam | pañcakṛṣṇalako māṣas te suvarṇas tu ṣoḍaśa ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

पलं सुवर्णाश् चत्वारः पलानि धरणं दश । द्वे कृष्णले समधृते विज्ञेयो) रौप्यमाषकः ॥ [म्रूप्यमाषकः ]

palaṃ suvarṇāś catvāraḥ palāni dharaṇaṃ daśa | dve kṛṣṇale samadhṛte vijñeyo) raupyamāṣakaḥ || [M.rūpyamāṣakaḥ ]

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

ते षोडश स्याद्) धरणं पुराणश् च-एव राजतः । कार्षापणस् तु विज्ञेयस्) ताम्रिकः कार्षिकः पणः ॥

te ṣoḍaśa syād) dharaṇaṃ purāṇaś ca-eva rājataḥ | kārṣāpaṇas tu vijñeyas) tāmrikaḥ kārṣikaḥ paṇaḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

धरणानि दश ज्ञेयः) शतमानस् तु राजतः । चतुःसौवर्णिको निष्को विज्ञेयस्) तु प्रमाणतः ॥

dharaṇāni daśa jñeyaḥ) śatamānas tu rājataḥ | catuḥsauvarṇiko niṣko vijñeyas) tu pramāṇataḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

पणानां द्वे शते सार्धे प्रथमः साहसः स्मृतः) । मध्यमः पञ्च विज्ञेयः) सहस्रं त्व् एव च-उत्तमः ॥

paṇānāṃ dve śate sārdhe prathamaḥ sāhasaḥ smṛtaḥ) | madhyamaḥ pañca vijñeyaḥ) sahasraṃ tv eva ca-uttamaḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

ऋणे देये प्रतिज्ञाते पञ्चकं शतम् अर्हति । अपह्नवे तद्द्विगुणं तन् मनोर् अनुशासनम् ॥

ṛṇe deye pratijñāte pañcakaṃ śatam arhati | apahnave taddviguṇaṃ tan manor anuśāsanam ||

A debt being admitted as due, (the defendant)

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

वसिष्ठविहितां वृद्धिं सृजेद्) वित्तविवर्धिनीम् । अशीतिभागं गृह्णीयान्) मासाद् वार्धुषिकः शते ॥

vasiṣṭhavihitāṃ vṛddhiṃ sṛjed) vittavivardhinīm | aśītibhāgaṃ gṛhṇīyān) māsād vārdhuṣikaḥ śate ||

A money-lender may stipulate as an increase of his capital, for the interest, allowed by Vasish/^a, and take monthly the eightieth part of a hundred.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

द्विकं शतं वा गृह्णीयात्) सतां धर्मम् अनुस्मरन्) । द्विकं शतं हि गृह्णानो) न भवत्य्) अर्थकिल्बिषी ॥

dvikaṃ śataṃ vā gṛhṇīyāt) satāṃ dharmam anusmaran) | dvikaṃ śataṃ hi gṛhṇāno) na bhavaty) arthakilbiṣī ||

Or, remembering the duty of good men, he may take two in the hundred (by the month), for he who takes two in the hundred becomes not a sinner for gain.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

द्विकं त्रिकं चतुष्कं च पञ्चकं च शतं समम् । मासस्य वृद्धिं गृह्णीयाद्) वर्णानाम् अनुपूर्वशः ॥

dvikaṃ trikaṃ catuṣkaṃ ca pañcakaṃ ca śataṃ samam | māsasya vṛddhiṃ gṛhṇīyād) varṇānām anupūrvaśaḥ ||

Just two in the hundred, three, four, and five (and not more), he may take as monthly interest according to the order of the castes (varaa).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

न त्व् एव-आधौ सौपकारे कौसीदीं वृद्धिम् आप्नुयात्) । न च-आधेः कालसंरोधात्-निसर्गो ऽअस्ति) न विक्रयः ॥

na tv eva-ādhau sa.upakāre kausīdīṃ vṛddhim āpnuyāt) | na ca-ādheḥ kālasaṃrodhāt-nisargo 'asti) na vikrayaḥ ||

But if a beneficial pledge (i.e. one from which profit accrues, has been given), he shall receive no interest on the loan; nor can he, after keeping (such) a pledge for a very long time, give or sell it.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

न भोक्तव्यो) बलाद् आधिर् भुञ्जानो) वृद्धिम् उत्सृजेत्) । मूल्येन तोषयेच्) च-एनम् आधिस्तेनो ऽअन्यथा भवेत्) ॥

na bhoktavyo) balād ādhir bhuñjāno) vṛddhim utsṛjet) | mūlyena toṣayec) ca-enam ādhisteno 'anyathā bhavet) ||

A pledge (to be kept only) must not be used by force, (the creditor), so using it, shall give up his (whole) interest, or, (if it has been spoilt by use) he shall satisfy the (owner) by (paying its) original price; else he commits a theft of the pledge.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

आधिश् च-उपनिधिश् च-उभौ न कालात्ययम् अर्हतः) । अवहार्यौ भवेतां) तौ दीर्घकालम् अवस्थितौ) ॥

ādhiś ca-upanidhiś ca-ubhau na kālātyayam arhataḥ) | avahāryau bhavetāṃ) tau dīrghakālam avasthitau) ||

Neither a pledge nor a deposit can be lost by lapse of time; they are both recoverable, though they have remained long (with the bailee).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

संप्रीत्या भुज्यमानानि) न नश्यन्ति) कदा चन । धेनुर् उष्ट्रो वहन्न् अश्वो यश् च दम्यः प्रयुज्यते) ॥

saṃprītyā bhujyamānāni) na naśyanti) kadā cana | dhenur uṣṭro vahann aśvo yaś ca damyaḥ prayujyate) ||

Things used with friendly assent, a cow, a camel, a riding-horse, and (a beast) made over for breaking in, are never lost (to the owner).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यत् किं चिद् दशवर्षाणि संनिधौ प्रेक्षते) धनी । भुज्यमानं) परैस् तूष्णीं न स तत्-लब्धुम् अर्हति) ॥

yat kiṃ cid daśavarṣāṇi saṃnidhau prekṣate) dhanī | bhujyamānaṃ) parais tūṣṇīṃ na sa tat-labdhum arhati) ||

(But in general) whatever (chattel) an owner sees enjoyed by others during ten years, while, though present, he says nothing, that (chattel) he shall not recover.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अजडश् चेद् अपोगण्डो विषये च-अस्य भुज्यते) । भग्नं तद् व्यवहारेण भोक्ता तद् द्रव्यम् अर्हति ॥ [म्तद् धनम् अर्हति)]

ajaḍaś ced apogaṇḍo viṣaye ca-asya bhujyate) | bhagnaṃ tad vyavahāreṇa bhoktā tad dravyam arhati || [M.tad dhanam arhati)]

If (the owner is) neither an idiot nor a minor and if (his chattel) is enjoyed (by another) before his eyes, it is lost to him by law; the adverse possessor shall retain that property.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

आधिः सीमा बालधनं निक्षेपौपनिधिः स्त्रियः । [म्निक्षेपौपनिधी] राजस्वं श्रोत्रियस्वं च न भोगेन प्रणश्यति) ॥

ādhiḥ sīmā bāladhanaṃ nikṣepa.upanidhiḥ striyaḥ | [M.nikṣepa.upanidhī] rājasvaṃ śrotriyasvaṃ ca na bhogena praṇaśyati) ||

A pledge, a boundary, the property of infants, an (open) deposit, a sealed deposit, women, the property of the king and the wealth of a ^rotriya are not lost in consequence of (adverse) enjoyment.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यः स्वामिना-अननुज्ञातम्) आधिं भूङ्क्ते) ऽअविचक्षणः । तेन-अर्धवृद्धिर् मोक्तव्या) तस्य भोगस्य निष्कृतिः ॥

yaḥ svāminā-ananujñātam) ādhiṃ bhūṅkte) 'avicakṣaṇaḥ | tena-ardhavṛddhir moktavyā) tasya bhogasya niṣkṛtiḥ ||

The fool who uses a pledge without the permission of the owner, shall remit half of his interest, as a compensation for (such) use.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

कुसीदवृद्धिर् द्वैगुण्यं न-अत्येति) सकृद् आहृता । [म्सकृद् आहिता)] धान्ये सदे लवे वाह्ये न-अतिक्रामति) पञ्चताम् ॥

kusīdavṛddhir dvaiguṇyaṃ na-atyeti) sakṛd āhṛtā | [M.sakṛd āhitā)] dhānye sade lave vāhye na-atikrāmati) pañcatām ||

In money transactions interest paid at one time (not by instalments) shall never exceed the double (of the principal); on grain, fruit, wool or hair, (and) beasts of burden it must not be more than five times (the original amount).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

कृतानुसाराद् अधिका व्यतिरिक्ता न सिध्यति) । कुसीदपथम् आहुस्) तं पञ्चकं शतम् अर्हति) ॥

kṛtānusārād adhikā vyatiriktā na sidhyati) | kusīdapatham āhus) taṃ pañcakaṃ śatam arhati) ||

Stipulated interest beyond the legal rate, being against (the law), cannot be recovered; they call that a usurious way (of lending); (the lender) is (in no case) entitled to (more than) five in the hundred.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

न-अतिसांवत्सरीं वृद्धिं न च-अदृष्टां पुनर् हरेत् । [म्विनिर्हरेत्)] चक्रवृद्धिः कालवृद्धिः कारिता कायिका च या ।

na-ati.sāṃvatsarīṃ vṛddhiṃ na ca-adṛṣṭāṃ punar haret | [M.vinirharet)] cakravṛddhiḥ kālavṛddhiḥ kāritā kāyikā ca yā |

Let him not take interest beyond the year, nor such as is unapproved, nor compound interest, periodical interest, stipulated interest, and corporal interest. i.e. 'female slaves and the like.'

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

ऋणं दातुम् अशक्तो यः कर्तुम् इच्छेत्) पुनः क्रियाम् । स दत्त्वा) निर्जितां वृद्धिं करणं परिवर्तयेत्) ॥

ṛṇaṃ dātum aśakto yaḥ kartum icchet) punaḥ kriyām | sa dattvā) nirjitāṃ vṛddhiṃ karaṇaṃ parivartayet) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

अदर्शयित्वा) तत्र-एव हिरण्यं परिवर्तयेत्) । यावती संभवेद्) वृद्धिस् तावतीं दातुम् अर्हति) ॥

a.darśayitvā) tatra-eva hiraṇyaṃ parivartayet) | yāvatī saṃbhaved) vṛddhis tāvatīṃ dātum arhati) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

चक्रवृद्धिं समारूढो) देशकालव्यवस्थितः । अतिक्रामन्) देशकालौ न तत्फलम् अवाप्नुयात्) ॥

cakravṛddhiṃ samārūḍho) deśa.kālavyavasthitaḥ | atikrāman) deśa.kālau na tatphalam avāpnuyāt) ||

He who has made a contract to carry goods by a wheeled carriage for money and has agreed to a certain place or time, shall not reap that reward, if he does not keep to the place and the time (stipulated). a year has passed'

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

समुद्रयानकुशला देशकालअर्थदर्शिनः । स्थापयन्ति) तु यां वृद्धिं सा तत्र-अधिगमं प्रति ॥

samudrayānakuśalā deśa.kāla.arthadarśinaḥ | sthāpayanti) tu yāṃ vṛddhiṃ sā tatra-adhigamaṃ prati ||

Whatever rate men fix, who are expert in sea-voyages and able to calculate (the profit) according to the place, the time, and the objects (carried), that (has legal force) in such cases with respect to the payment (to be made).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यो यस्य प्रतिभूस् तिष्ठेद्) दर्शनाय-इह मानवः । अदर्शयन्) स तं तस्य प्रयच्छेत् स्वधनाद् ऋणम् ॥ [म्तस्य यतेत)]

yo yasya pratibhūs tiṣṭhed) darśanāya-iha mānavaḥ | a.darśayan) sa taṃ tasya prayacchet svadhanād ṛṇam || [M.tasya yateta)]

The man who becomes a surety in this (world) for the appearance of a (debtor), and produces him not, shall pay the debt out of his own property.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

प्रातिभाव्यं वृथादानम् आक्षिकं सौरिकां च यत् । दण्डशुल्कावशेषं च न पुत्रो दातुम् अर्हति) ॥

prātibhāvyaṃ vṛthādānam ākṣikaṃ saurikāṃ ca yat | daṇḍa.śulkāvaśeṣaṃ ca na putro dātum arhati) ||

But money due by a surety, or idly promised, or lost at play, or due for spirituous liquor, or what remains unpaid of a fine and a tax or duty, the son (of the party owing it) shall not be obliged to pay.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

दर्शनप्रातिभाव्ये तु विधिः स्यात्) पूर्वचोदितः । दानप्रतिभुवि प्रेते) दायादान् अपि दापयेत्) ॥

darśanaprātibhāvye tu vidhiḥ syāt) pūrvacoditaḥ | dānapratibhuvi prete) dāyādān api dāpayet) ||

This just mentioned rule shall apply to the case of a surety for appearance (only); if a surety for payment should die, the (judge) may compel even his heirs to discharge the debt.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अदातरि पुनर् दाता विज्ञातप्रकृताव् ऋणम् । पश्चात् प्रतिभुवि प्रेते) परीप्सेत्) केन हेतुना ॥

adātari punar dātā vijñātaprakṛtāv ṛṇam | paścāt pratibhuvi prete) parīpset) kena hetunā ||

On what account then is it that after the death of a surety other than for payment, whose explain £akravr*'ddhi, ' a contract to carry goods by a wheeled carriage,' by ' compound interest;' and

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

निरादिष्टधनश् चेत् तु प्रतिभूः स्याद्) अलंधनः । स्वधनाद् एव तद् दद्यान्) निरादिष्ट इति स्थितिः ॥

nirādiṣṭadhanaś cet tu pratibhūḥ syād) alaṃdhanaḥ | svadhanād eva tad dadyān) nirādiṣṭa iti sthitiḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

मत्तौन्मत्तआर्तअध्यधीनैर् बालेन स्थविरेण वा । असंबद्धकृतश् च-एव व्यावहारो न सिध्यति) ॥

matta.unmatta.ārta.adhyadhīnair bālena sthavireṇa vā | asaṃbaddhakṛtaś ca-eva vyāvahāro na sidhyati) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

सत्या न भाषा भवति) यद्य् अपि स्यात्) प्रतिष्ठिता) । बहिश् चेद् भाष्यते) धर्मात्-नियताद् व्यवहारिकात् ॥

satyā na bhāṣā bhavati) yady api syāt) pratiṣṭhitā) | bahiś ced bhāṣyate) dharmāt-niyatād vyavahārikāt ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

योगाधमनविक्रीतं योगदानप्रतिग्रहम् । यत्र वा-अप्य् उपधिं पश्येत्) तत् सर्वं विनिवर्तयेत्) ॥

yogādhamanavikrītaṃ yogadānapratigraham | yatra vā-apy upadhiṃ paśyet) tat sarvaṃ vinivartayet) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

ग्रहीता यदि नष्टः) स्यात्) कुटुम्बार्थे कृतो व्ययः । [म्कुटुम्बे च ] दातव्यं बान्धवैस् तत् स्यात्) प्रविभक्तैर् अपि स्वतः ॥

grahītā yadi naṣṭaḥ) syāt) kuṭumbārthe kṛto vyayaḥ | [M.kuṭumbe ca ] dātavyaṃ bāndhavais tat syāt) pravibhaktair api svataḥ ||

If the debtor be dead and (the money borrowed) was expended for the family, it must be paid by the relatives out of their own estate even if they are divided. he became a surety (e. g. for appearance or good behaviour) being fully known '

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

कुटुम्बार्थे ऽअध्यधीनो ऽअपि व्यवहारं यम् आचरेत्) । स्वदेशे वा विदेशे वा तं ज्यायान् न विचालयेत्) ॥

kuṭumbārthe 'adhyadhīno 'api vyavahāraṃ yam ācaret) | svadeśe vā videśe vā taṃ jyāyān na vicālayet) ||

Should even a person wholly dependent make a contract for the behoof of the family, the master (of the house), whether (living) in his own country or abroad, shall not rescind it.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

बलाद् दत्तं बलाद् भुक्तं बलाद् यच् च-अपि लेखितम् । सर्वान् बलकृतान् अर्थान् अकृतान् मनुर् अब्रवीत्) ॥

balād dattaṃ balād bhuktaṃ balād yac ca-api lekhitam | sarvān balakṛtān arthān akṛtān manur abravīt) ||

What is given by force, what is enjoyed by force, also what has been caused to be written by force, and all other transactions done by force, Man has declared void.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

त्रयः परार्थे क्लिश्यन्ति) साक्षिणः प्रतिभूः कुलम् । चत्वारस् तु-उपचीयन्ते) विप्र आढ्यो वणिङ् नृपः ॥

trayaḥ parārthe kliśyanti) sākṣiṇaḥ pratibhūḥ kulam | catvāras tu-upacīyante) vipra āḍhyo vaṇiṅ nṛpaḥ ||

Three suffer for the sake of others, witnesses, a surety, and judges; but four enrich themselves (through others), a Brāhmaṇa, a money-lender, a merchant, and a king.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अनादेयं न-आददीत) परिक्षीणो ऽअपि पार्थिवः । न च-आदेयं समृद्धो ऽअपि सूक्ष्मम् अप्य् अर्थम् उत्सृजेत्) ॥

an.ādeyaṃ na-ādadīta) parikṣīṇo 'api pārthivaḥ | na ca-ādeyaṃ samṛddho 'api sūkṣmam apy artham utsṛjet) ||

No king, however indigent, shall take anything that ought not to be taken, nor shall he, " it must be repaid by the members of the family, though they may have separated afterwards.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अनादेयस्य च-आदानाद् आदेयस्य च वर्जनात् । दौर्बल्यं ख्याप्यते) राज्ञः स प्रेत्य-इह च नश्यति) ॥

an.ādeyasya ca-ādānād ādeyasya ca varjanāt | daurbalyaṃ khyāpyate) rājñaḥ sa pretya-iha ca naśyati) ||

In consequence of his taking what ought not to be taken, or of his refusing what ought to be received, a king will be accused of weakness and perish in this (world) and after death.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

स्वादानाद् वर्णसंसर्गात् त्व् अबलानां च रक्षणात् । बलं संजायते) राज्ञः स प्रेत्य-इह च वर्धते) ॥

svādānād varṇasaṃsargāt tv abalānāṃ ca rakṣaṇāt | balaṃ saṃjāyate) rājñaḥ sa pretya-iha ca vardhate) ||

By taking his due, by preventing the confusion of the castes (varṇa), and by protecting the weak, the power of the king grows, and he prospers in this (world) and after death.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

तस्माद् यम इव स्वामी स्वयं हित्वा) प्रियअप्रिये । वर्तेत) याम्यया वृत्त्या जितक्रोधो जितैन्द्रियः ॥

tasmād yama iva svāmī svayaṃ hitvā) priya.apriye | varteta) yāmyayā vṛttyā jita.krodho jita.indriyaḥ ||

Let the prince, therefore, like Yama, not heeding his own likings and dislikings, behave exactly like Yama, suppressing his anger and controlling himself.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यस् त्व् अधर्मेण कार्याणि मोहात् कुर्यान्) नराधिपः । अचिरात् तं दुरात्मानं वशे कुर्वन्ति) शत्रवः ॥

yas tv adharmeṇa kāryāṇi mohāt kuryān) narādhipaḥ | acirāt taṃ dur.ātmānaṃ vaśe kurvanti) śatravaḥ ||

But that evil-minded king who in his folly decides causes unjustly, his enemies soon subjugate.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

कामक्रोधौ तु संयम्य) यो ऽअर्थान् धर्मेण पश्यति) । प्रजास् तम् अनुवर्तन्ते) समुद्रम् इव सिन्धवः ॥

kāma.krodhau tu saṃyamya) yo 'arthān dharmeṇa paśyati) | prajās tam anuvartante) samudram iva sindhavaḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

यः साधयन्तं) छन्देन वेदयेद्) धनिकं नृपे । स राज्ञा तत्-चतुर्भागं दाप्यस्) तस्य च तद् धनम् ॥

yaḥ sādhayantaṃ) chandena vedayed) dhanikaṃ nṛpe | sa rājñā tat-caturbhāgaṃ dāpyas) tasya ca tad dhanam ||

(The debtor) who complains to the king that his creditor recovers (the debt) independently (of the court), shall be compelled by the king to pay (as a fine) one quarter (of the sum) and to his (creditor) the money (due).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

कर्मणा-अपि समं कुर्याद्) धनिकाय-अधमर्णिकः । समो ऽअवकृष्टजातिस् तु दद्यात्)- श्रेयांस् तु तत्- शनैः ॥

karmaṇā-api samaṃ kuryād) dhanikāya-adhamarṇikaḥ | samo 'avakṛṣṭajātis tu dadyāt)- śreyāṃs tu tat- śanaiḥ ||

Even by (personal) labour shall the debtor make good (what he owes) to his creditor, if he be of the same caste or of a lower one; but

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अनेन विधिना राजा मिथो विवदतां) नृणाम् । साक्षिप्रत्ययसिद्धानि कार्याणि समतां नयेत्) ॥

anena vidhinā rājā mitho vivadatāṃ) nṛṇām | sākṣipratyayasiddhāni kāryāṇi samatāṃ nayet) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

कुलजे वृत्तसंपन्ने धर्मज्ञे सत्यवादिनि । महापक्षे धनिन्य् आर्ये निक्षेपं निक्षिपेद्) बुधः ॥

kulaje vṛttasaṃpanne dharmajñe satyavādini | mahāpakṣe dhaniny ārye nikṣepaṃ nikṣiped) budhaḥ ||

A sensible man should make a deposit (only) with a person of (good) family, of good conduct, well acquainted with the law, veracious, having many relatives, wealthy, and honourable (arya).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यो यथा निक्षिपेद्द्) हस्ते यम् अर्थं यस्य मानवः । स तथा-एव ग्रहीतव्यो) यथा दायस् तथा ग्रहः ॥

yo yathā nikṣipedd) haste yam arthaṃ yasya mānavaḥ | sa tathā-eva grahītavyo) yathā dāyas tathā grahaḥ ||

In whatever manner a person shall deposit anything in the hands of another, in the same manner ought the same thing to be received back (by the owner); as the delivery (was, so must be) the re-delivery.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यो निक्षेपं याच्यमानो) निक्षेप्तुर् न प्रयच्छति) । स याच्यः प्राड्विवाकेन तत्- निक्षेप्तुर् असंनिधौ ॥

yo nikṣepaṃ yācyamāno) nikṣeptur na prayacchati) | sa yācyaḥ prāḍvivākena tat- nikṣeptur asaṃnidhau ||

He who restores not his deposit to the depositor at his request, may be tried by the judge in the depositor's absence.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

साक्षिअभावे प्रणिधिभिर् वयोरूपसमन्वितैः । अपदेशैश् च संन्यस्य) हिरण्यं तस्य तत्त्वतः ॥

sākṣi.abhāve praṇidhibhir vayo.rūpa.samanvitaiḥ | apadeśaiś ca saṃnyasya) hiraṇyaṃ tasya tattvataḥ ||

On failure of witnesses let the (judge) actually deposit gold with that (defendant) under some pretext or other through spies of suitable age and appearance (and afterwards demand it back).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

स यदि प्रतिपद्येत) यथान्यस्तं यथाकृतम् । न तत्र विद्यते) किं चिद् यत् परैर् अभियुज्यते) ॥

sa yadi pratipadyeta) yathānyastaṃ yathākṛtam | na tatra vidyate) kiṃ cid yat parair abhiyujyate) ||

If the (defendant) restores it in the manner and shape in which it was bailed, there is nothing

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

तेषां न दद्याद्) यदि तु तद्द् हिरण्यं यथाविधि । उभौ निगृह्य दाप्यः स्याद् इति धर्मस्य धारणा ॥ [म्स निगृह्य)-उभयं दाप्य इति धर्मस्य धारणा]

teṣāṃ na dadyād) yadi tu tadd hiraṇyaṃ yathāvidhi | ubhau nigṛhya dāpyaḥ syād iti dharmasya dhāraṇā || [M.sa nigṛhya)-ubhayaṃ dāpya iti dharmasya dhāraṇā]

and places the other verses as follows: 180, 195, 188 b,

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

निक्षेपौपनिधी नित्यं न देयौ) प्रत्यनन्तरे । नश्यतो) विनिपाते) ताव् अनिपाते) त्व् अनाशिनौ ॥

nikṣepa.upanidhī nityaṃ na deyau) pratyanantare | naśyato) vinipāte) tāv anipāte) tv anāśinau ||

186, 189, 194, 187, 188 a, 181, 182, 183, 196, 190, 191,

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

स्वयम् एव तु यौ दद्यान्) मृतस्य प्रत्यनन्तरे। न स राज्ञा-अभियोक्तव्यो) न निक्षेप्तुश् च बन्धुभिः ॥

svayam eva tu yau dadyān) mṛtasya pratyanantare| na sa rājñā-abhiyoktavyo) na nikṣeptuś ca bandhubhiḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

अच्छलेन-एव च-अन्विच्छेत्) तम् अर्थं प्रीतिपूर्वकम् । विचार्य) तस्य वा वृत्तं साम्ना-एव परिसाधयेत्) ॥

acchalena-eva ca-anvicchet) tam arthaṃ prītipūrvakam | vicārya) tasya vā vṛttaṃ sāmnā-eva parisādhayet) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

निक्षेपेष्व् एषु सर्वेषु विधिः स्यात्) परिसाधने । समुद्रे न-आप्नुयात्) किं चिद् यदि तस्मान् न संहरेत्) ॥

nikṣepeṣv eṣu sarveṣu vidhiḥ syāt) parisādhane | sa.mudre na-āpnuyāt) kiṃ cid yadi tasmān na saṃharet) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

चौरैर् हृतं) जलेन-ऊढम्) अग्निना दग्धम्) एव वा । न दद्याद्) यदि तस्मात् स न संहरति) किं चन ॥

caurair hṛtaṃ) jalena-ūḍham) agninā dagdham) eva vā | na dadyād) yadi tasmāt sa na saṃharati) kiṃ cana ||

(A deposit) which has been stolen by thieves

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

निक्षेपस्य-अपहर्तारम् अनिक्षेप्तारम् एव च । सर्वैर् उपायैर् अन्विच्छेत्)-शपथैश् च-एव वैदिकैः ॥

nikṣepasya-apahartāram anikṣeptāram eva ca | sarvair upāyair anvicchet)-śapathaiś ca-eva vaidikaiḥ ||

Him who appropriates a deposit and him (who asks for it) without having made it, (the judge) shall try by all (sorts of) means, and by the oaths prescribed in the Veda.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यो निक्षेपं न-अर्पयति) यश् च-अनिक्षिप्य) याचते) । ताव् उभौ चौरवत्-शास्यौ) दाप्यौ) वा तत्समं दमम् ॥

yo nikṣepaṃ na-arpayati) yaś ca-a.nikṣipya) yācate) | tāv ubhau cauravat-śāsyau) dāpyau) vā tatsamaṃ damam ||

He who does not return a deposit and he who demands what he never bailed shall both be punished like thieves, or be compelled to pay a fine equal (to the value of the object retained or claimed).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

निक्षेपस्य-अपहर्तारं तत्समं दापयेद्) दमम् । तथा-उपनिधिहर्तारम् अविशेषेण पार्थिवः ॥

nikṣepasya-apahartāraṃ tatsamaṃ dāpayed) damam | tathā-upanidhihartāram aviśeṣeṇa pārthivaḥ ||

The king should compel him who does not restore an open deposit, and in like manner him who retains a sealed deposit, to pay a fine equal (to its value).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

उपधाभिश् च यः कश् चित् परद्रव्यं हरेन्) नरः । ससहायः स हन्तव्यः) प्रकाशं विविधैर् वधैः ॥

upadhābhiś ca yaḥ kaś cit paradravyaṃ haren) naraḥ | sa.sahāyaḥ sa hantavyaḥ) prakāśaṃ vividhair vadhaiḥ ||

That man who by false pretences may possess himself of another's property, shall be publicly punished by various (modes of) corporal (or capital) chastisement, together with his accomplices.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

निक्षेपो यः कृतो) येन यावांश् च कुलसंनिधौ । तावान् एव स विज्ञेयो) विब्रुवन्) दण्डम् अर्हति) ॥

nikṣepo yaḥ kṛto) yena yāvāṃś ca kulasaṃnidhau | tāvān eva sa vijñeyo) vibruvan) daṇḍam arhati) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

मिथो दायः कृतो) येन गृहीतो) मिथ एव वा । मिथ एव प्रदातव्यो) यथा दायस् तथा ग्रहः ॥

mitho dāyaḥ kṛto) yena gṛhīto) mitha eva vā | mitha eva pradātavyo) yathā dāyas tathā grahaḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

निक्षिप्तस्य) धनस्य-एवं प्रीत्या-उपनिहितस्य) च । राजा विनिर्णयं कुर्याद्) अक्षिण्वन्) न्यासधारिणम् ॥

nikṣiptasya) dhanasya-evaṃ prītyā-upanihitasya) ca | rājā vinirṇayaṃ kuryād) akṣiṇvan) nyāsadhāriṇam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

विक्रीणीते) परस्य स्वं यो ऽअस्वामी स्वाम्यसम्मतः) । न तं नयेत) साक्ष्यं तु स्तेनम् अस्तेनमानिनम् ॥

vikrīṇīte) parasya svaṃ yo 'asvāmī svāmyasammataḥ) | na taṃ nayeta) sākṣyaṃ tu stenam astenamāninam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

अवहार्यो भवेत्)-च-एव सअन्वयः षट्शतं दमम् । निरन्वयो ऽअनपसरः प्राप्तः) स्याच्) चौरकिल्बिषम् ॥

avahāryo bhavet)-ca-eva sa.anvayaḥ ṣaṭśataṃ damam | nir.anvayo 'an.apasaraḥ prāptaḥ) syāc) caurakilbiṣam ||

If the (offender) is a kinsman (of the owner), he shall be fined six hundred paṇas; if he is not a kinsman, nor has any excuse, he shall be guilty of theft. king's anger, by promising to obtain for them favours from the king, or the love of a maiden, and so forth'

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अस्वामिना कृतो यस् तु दायो विक्रय एव वा । अकृतः स तु विज्ञेयो) व्यवहारे यथा स्थितिः ॥

asvāminā kṛto yas tu dāyo vikraya eva vā | akṛtaḥ sa tu vijñeyo) vyavahāre yathā sthitiḥ ||

A gift or sale, made by anybody else but the owner, must be considered as null and void, according to the rule in judicial proceedings.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

संभोगो दृश्यते) यत्र न दृश्येत)-आगमः क्व चित् । आगमः कारणं तत्र न संभोग इति स्थितिः ॥

saṃbhogo dṛśyate) yatra na dṛśyeta)-āgamaḥ kva cit | āgamaḥ kāraṇaṃ tatra na saṃbhoga iti sthitiḥ ||

Where possession is evident, but no title is perceived, there the title (shall be) a proof (of ownership), not possession; such is the settled rule.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

विक्रयाद् यो धनं किं चिद् गृह्णीयत्) कुलसंनिधौ । क्रयेण स विशुद्धं हि न्यायतो लभते) धनम् ॥

vikrayād yo dhanaṃ kiṃ cid gṛhṇīyat) kulasaṃnidhau | krayeṇa sa viśuddhaṃ hi nyāyato labhate) dhanam ||

He who obtains a chattel in the market before a number (of witnesses), acquires that chattel with a clear legal title by purchase.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अथ मूलम् अनाहार्यं प्रकाशक्रयशोधितः) । अदण्ड्यो) मुच्यते) राज्ञा नाष्टिको लभते) धनम् ॥

atha mūlam anāhāryaṃ prakāśakrayaśodhitaḥ) | adaṇḍyo) mucyate) rājñā nāṣṭiko labhate) dhanam ||

If the original (seller) be not producible, (the buyer) being exculpated by a public sale, must be dismissed by the king without punishment, but (the former owner) who lost the chattel shall receive it (back from the buyer).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

न-अन्यद् अन्येन संसृष्टरूपं विक्रयम् अर्हति) । न च-असारं न च न्यूनं न दूरेण तिरोहितम् ॥ [म्। न सावद्यं न च न्यूनं न दूरे न तिरोहितम् ]

na-anyad anyena saṃsṛṣṭarūpaṃ vikrayam arhati) | na ca-a.sāraṃ na ca nyūnaṃ na dūreṇa tirohitam || [M. na sāvadyaṃ na ca nyūnaṃ na dūre na tirohitam ]

One commodity mixed with another must not be sold (as pure), nor a bad one (as good), nor less (than the proper quantity or weight), nor anything that is not at hand or that is concealed.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अन्यां चेद् दर्शयित्वा)-अन्या वोढुः कन्या प्रदीयते) । उभे त एकशुल्केन वहेद्) इत्य् अब्रवीन्) मनुः ॥

anyāṃ ced darśayitvā)-anyā voḍhuḥ kanyā pradīyate) | ubhe ta ekaśulkena vahed) ity abravīn) manuḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

न-उन्मत्ताया न कुष्ठिन्या न च या स्पृष्टमैथुना । पूर्वं दोषान् अभिख्याप्य) प्रदाता दण्डम् अर्हति) ॥

na-unmattāyā na kuṣṭhinyā na ca yā spṛṣṭa.maithunā | pūrvaṃ doṣān abhikhyāpya) pradātā daṇḍam arhati) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

ऋत्विग् यदि वृतो) यज्ञे स्वकर्म परिहापयेत्) । तस्य कर्मानुरूपेण देयो) ऽअंशः सहकर्तृभिः ॥

ṛtvig yadi vṛto) yajñe svakarma parihāpayet) | tasya karmānurūpeṇa deyo) 'aṃśaḥ sahakartṛbhiḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

दक्षिणासु च दत्तासु) स्वकर्म परिहापयन्) । कृत्स्नम् एव लभेत)-अंशम् अन्येन-एव च कारयेत्) ॥

dakṣiṇāsu ca dattāsu) svakarma parihāpayan) | kṛtsnam eva labheta)-aṃśam anyena-eva ca kārayet) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

यस्मिन् कर्मणि यास् तु स्युर्) उक्ताः प्रत्यङ्गदक्षिणाः । स एव ता आदिदीत) भजेरन्) सर्व एव वा ॥

yasmin karmaṇi yās tu syur) uktāḥ pratyaṅgadakṣiṇāḥ | sa eva tā ādidīta) bhajeran) sarva eva vā ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

रथं हरेत्) च-अध्वर्युर् ब्रह्मा-आधाने च वाजिनम् । होता वा-अपि हरेद्) अश्वम् उद्गाता च-अप्य् अनः क्रये ॥

rathaṃ haret) ca-adhvaryur brahmā-ādhāne ca vājinam | hotā vā-api hared) aśvam udgātā ca-apy anaḥ kraye ||

The Adhvaryu priest shall take the chariot, and the Brahman at the kindling of the fires (Agnyadhana) a horse, the Hotri priest shall also take a horse, and the Udgatrz the cart, (used) when (the Soma) is purchased.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

सर्वेषाम् अर्धिनो मुख्यास् तदर्धेन-अर्धिनो ऽअपरे । तृतीयिनस् तृतीयांशाश् चतुर्थांशाश् च पादिनः ॥

sarveṣām ardhino mukhyās tadardhena-ardhino 'apare | tṛtīyinas tṛtīyāṃśāś caturthāṃśāś ca pādinaḥ ||

The (four) chief priests among all (the sixteen), who are entitled to one half, shall receive a moiety (of the fee), the next (four) one half of that, the set entitled to a third share, one third, and those entitled to a fourth a quarter. 2i i. By the application of these principles the allotment of shares must be made among those men who here (below) perform their work conjointly.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

संभूय) स्वानि कर्माणि कुर्वद्भिर्) इह मानवैः । अनेन विधियोगेन कर्तव्या)-अंशप्रकल्पना ॥

saṃbhūya) svāni karmāṇi kurvadbhir) iha mānavaiḥ | anena vidhiyogena kartavyā)-aṃśaprakalpanā ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

धर्मार्थं येन दत्तं स्यात्) कस्मै चिद् याचते) धनम् । पश्चाच् च न तथा तत् स्यान्) न देयं तस्य तद् भवेत्) ॥

dharmārthaṃ yena dattaṃ syāt) kasmai cid yācate) dhanam | paścāc ca na tathā tat syān) na deyaṃ tasya tad bhavet) ||

Should money be given (or promised) for a pious purpose by one man to another who asks for it, the gift shall be void, if the (money is) afterwards not (used) in the manner (stated).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यदि संसाधयेत्) तत् तु दर्पात्-लोभेन वा पुनः । राज्ञा दाप्यः) सुवर्णं स्यात्) तस्य स्तेयस्य निष्कृतिः ॥

yadi saṃsādhayet) tat tu darpāt-lobhena vā punaḥ | rājñā dāpyaḥ) suvarṇaṃ syāt) tasya steyasya niṣkṛtiḥ ||

But if the (recipient) through pride or greed tries to enforce (the fulfilment of the promise), he shall be compelled by the king to pay one suvar^a as an expiation for his theft.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

दत्तस्य)-एषा-उदिता) धर्म्या यथावद् अनपक्रिया । अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि) वेतनस्य-अनपक्रियाम् ॥

dattasya)-eṣā-uditā) dharmyā yathāvad anapakriyā | ata ūrdhvaṃ pravakṣyāmi) vetanasya-anapakriyām ||

Thus the lawful subtraction of a gift has Brahman priest receives a swift horse at the Agnyadhana, and

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

भृतो न-आर्तो न कुर्याद्) यो दर्पात् कर्म यथाऔदितम् । [मनार्तो ] स दण्ड्यः) कृष्णलान्य् अष्टौ न देयं) च-अस्य वेतनम् ॥

bhṛto na-ārto na kuryād) yo darpāt karma yathāa.uditam | [M.anārto ] sa daṇḍyaḥ) kṛṣṇalāny aṣṭau na deyaṃ) ca-asya vetanam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

आर्तस् तु कुर्यात्) स्वस्थः सन्) यथाभाषितम् आदितः । स दीर्घस्य-अपि कालस्य तत्-लभेत(-एव वेतनम् ॥

ārtas tu kuryāt) svasthaḥ san) yathābhāṣitam āditaḥ | sa dīrghasya-api kālasya tat-labheta(-eva vetanam ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

यथाउक्तम् आर्तः सुस्थो वा यस् तत् कर्म न कारयेत्) । न तस्य वेतनं देयम्) अल्पऊनस्य-अपि कर्मणः ॥

yathā.uktam ārtaḥ sustho vā yas tat karma na kārayet) | na tasya vetanaṃ deyam) alpa.ūnasya-api karmaṇaḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

एष धर्मो ऽअखिलेन-उक्तो) वेतनादानकर्मणः । अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि) धर्मं समयभेदिनाम् ॥

eṣa dharmo 'akhilena-ukto) vetanādānakarmaṇaḥ | ata ūrdhvaṃ pravakṣyāmi) dharmaṃ samayabhedinām ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

यो ग्रामदेशसंघानां कृत्वा) सत्येन संविदम् । विसंवदेन्) नरो लोभात् तं राष्ट्राद् विप्रवासयेत्) ॥

yo grāma.deśa.saṃghānāṃ kṛtvā) satyena saṃvidam | visaṃvaden) naro lobhāt taṃ rāṣṭrād vipravāsayet) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

निगृह्य) दापयेच्) च-एनं समयव्यभिचारिणम् । चतुःसुवर्णान् षण्निष्कांश्- शतमानं च राजकम् ॥

nigṛhya) dāpayec) ca-enaṃ samayavyabhicāriṇam | catuḥsuvarṇān ṣaṇniṣkāṃś- śatamānaṃ ca rājakam ||

And having imprisoned such a breaker of an agreement, he shall compel him to pay six

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

एतद् दण्डविधिं कुर्याद्) धार्मिकः पृथिवीपतिः । ग्रामजातिसमूहेषु समयव्यभिचारिणाम् ॥

etad daṇḍavidhiṃ kuryād) dhārmikaḥ pṛthivīpatiḥ | grāma.jāti.samūheṣu samayavyabhicāriṇām ||

A righteous king shall apply this law of fines in villages and castes (^"ati) to those who break an agreement.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

क्रीत्वा विक्रीय) वा किं चिद् यस्य-इहानुशयो भवेत्) । सो ऽअन्तर् दशाहात् तद् द्रव्यं दद्याच्) च-एवाददीत) वा ॥

krītvā vikrīya) vā kiṃ cid yasya-ihānuśayo bhavet) | so 'antar daśāhāt tad dravyaṃ dadyāc) ca-evādadīta) vā ||

If anybody in this (world), after buying or selling anything, repent (of his bargain), he may return or take (hack) that chattel within ten days.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

परेण तु दशाहस्य न दद्यान्) नापि दापयेत्) । आददानो) ददत्) च-एव राज्ञा दण्ड्यौ) शतानि षट् ॥

pareṇa tu daśāhasya na dadyān) nāpi dāpayet) | ādadāno) dadat) ca-eva rājñā daṇḍyau) śatāni ṣaṭ ||

But after (the lapse of) ten days he may neither give nor cause it to be given (back); both he who takes it (back) and he who gives it (back, except by consent) shall be fined by the king six hundred (paṇas).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

यस् तु दोषवतीं कन्याम् अनाख्याय प्रयच्छति) । तस्य कुर्यान्) नृपो दण्डं स्वयं षण्णवतिं पणान् ॥

yas tu doṣavatīṃ kanyām anākhyāya prayacchati) | tasya kuryān) nṛpo daṇḍaṃ svayaṃ ṣaṇṇavatiṃ paṇān ||

But the king himself shall impose a fine of ninety-six paṇas on him who gives a blemished damsel (to a suitor) without informing (him of the blemish).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अकन्या-इति तु यः कन्यां ब्रूयाद्) द्वेषेण मानवः । स शतं प्राप्नुयाद्) दण्डं तस्या दोषम् अदर्शयन्) ॥

akanyā-iti tu yaḥ kanyāṃ brūyād) dveṣeṇa mānavaḥ | sa śataṃ prāpnuyād) daṇḍaṃ tasyā doṣam adarśayan) ||

But that man who, out of malice, says of a maiden, ( She is not a maiden/ shall be fined one hundred (paṇas), if he cannot prove her blemish.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

पाणिग्रहणिका मन्त्राः कन्यास्व् एव प्रतिष्ठिताः) । न-अकन्यासु क्व चिन् न्क़्णां लुप्तधर्मक्रिया हि ताः ॥

pāṇigrahaṇikā mantrāḥ kanyāsv eva pratiṣṭhitāḥ) | na-akanyāsu kva cin nqṇāṃ lupta.dharmakriyā hi tāḥ ||

The nuptial texts are applied solely to virgins, (and) nowhere among men to females who have lost their virginity, for such (females) are excluded from religious ceremonies. should be 'four suvarwas or six nishkas or one jatamana/

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

पाणिग्रहणिका मन्त्रा नियतं दारलक्षणम् । तेषां निष्ठा तु विज्ञेया) विद्वद्भिः सप्तमे पदे ॥

pāṇigrahaṇikā mantrā niyataṃ dāralakṣaṇam | teṣāṃ niṣṭhā tu vijñeyā) vidvadbhiḥ saptame pade ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

यस्मिन् यस्मिन् कृते) कार्ये यस्य-इहानुशयो भवेत्) । तम् अनेन विधानेन धर्म्ये पथि निवेशयेत्) ॥

yasmin yasmin kṛte) kārye yasya-ihānuśayo bhavet) | tam anena vidhānena dharmye pathi niveśayet) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

पशुषु स्वामिनां च-एव पालानां च व्यतिक्रमे । विवादं संप्रवक्ष्यामि) यथावद् धर्मतत्त्वतः ॥

paśuṣu svāmināṃ ca-eva pālānāṃ ca vyatikrame | vivādaṃ saṃpravakṣyāmi) yathāvad dharmatattvataḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

दिवा वक्तव्यता पाले रात्रौ स्वामिनि तद्गृहे । योगक्षेमे ऽअन्यथा चेत् तु पालो वक्तव्यताम् इयात्) ॥

divā vaktavyatā pāle rātrau svāmini tadgṛhe | yogakṣeme 'anyathā cet tu pālo vaktavyatām iyāt) ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

गोपः क्षीरभृतो यस् तु स दुह्याद्) दशतो वराम् । गोस्वाम्यनुमते भृत्यः सा स्यात्) पाले ऽअभृते भृतिः ॥

gopaḥ kṣīrabhṛto yas tu sa duhyād) daśato varām | gosvāmyanumate bhṛtyaḥ sā syāt) pāle 'abhṛte bhṛtiḥ ||

Sanskrit only: no published translation is held for this verse.

नष्टं विनष्टं) कृमिभिः श्वहतं विषमे मृतम्) । हीनं पुरुषकारेण प्रदद्यात्) पाल एव तु ॥

naṣṭaṃ vinaṣṭaṃ) kṛmibhiḥ śvahataṃ viṣame mṛtam) | hīnaṃ puruṣakāreṇa pradadyāt) pāla eva tu ||

The herdsman alone shall make good (the loss of a beast) strayed, destroyed by worms, killed by dogs or (by falling) into a pit, if he did not duly exert himself (to prevent it).

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

विघुष्य) तु हृतं चौरैर् न पालो दातुम् अर्हति) । यदि देशे च काले च स्वामिनः स्वस्य शंसति) ॥

vighuṣya) tu hṛtaṃ caurair na pālo dātum arhati) | yadi deśe ca kāle ca svāminaḥ svasya śaṃsati) ||

But for (an animal) stolen by thieves, though he raised an alarm, the herdsman shall not pay, provided he gives notice to his master at the proper place and time.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

कर्णौ चर्म च वालांश् च बस्तिं स्नायुं च रोचनाम् । पशुषु स्वामिनां दद्यान्) मृतेष्व्) अङ्कानि दर्शयेत् ॥ [मङ्कांश् च दर्शयेत्)]

karṇau carma ca vālāṃś ca bastiṃ snāyuṃ ca rocanām | paśuṣu svāmināṃ dadyān) mṛteṣv) aṅkāni darśayet || [M.aṅkāṃś ca darśayet)]

If cattle die, let him carry to his master their ears, skin, tails, bladders, tendons, and the yellow concrete bile, and let him point out their particular marks.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

अजअविके तु संरुद्धे) वृकैः पाले त्व् अनायति) । यां प्रसह्य) वृको हन्यात्) पाले तत् किल्बिषं भवेत्) ॥

aja.avike tu saṃruddhe) vṛkaiḥ pāle tv an.āyati) | yāṃ prasahya) vṛko hanyāt) pāle tat kilbiṣaṃ bhavet) ||

But if goats or sheep are surrounded by wolves and the herdsman does not hasten (to their assistance), he shall be responsible for any (animal) which a wolf may attack and kill.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

तासां चेद् अवरुद्धानां) चरन्तीनां) मिथो वने । याम् उत्प्लुत्य) वृको हन्यान्) न पालस् तत्र किल्बिषी ॥

tāsāṃ ced avaruddhānāṃ) carantīnāṃ) mitho vane | yām utplutya) vṛko hanyān) na pālas tatra kilbiṣī ||

But if they, kept in (proper) order, graze together in the forest, and a wolf, suddenly jumping on one of them, kills it, the herdsman shall bear in that case no responsibility.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

धनुःशतं परीहारो ग्रामस्य स्यात्) समन्ततः । शम्यापातास् त्रयो वा-अपि त्रिगुणो नगरस्य तु ॥

dhanuḥśataṃ parīhāro grāmasya syāt) samantataḥ | śamyāpātās trayo vā-api triguṇo nagarasya tu ||

On all sides of a village a space, one hundred dhanus or three samya-throws (in breadth), shall be reserved (for pasture), and thrice (that space) round a town.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

तत्र-अपरिवृतं धान्यं विहिंस्युः) पशवो यदि । न तत्र प्रणयेद्) दण्डं नृपतिः पशुरक्षिणाम् ॥ ।

tatra-aparivṛtaṃ dhānyaṃ vihiṃsyuḥ) paśavo yadi | na tatra praṇayed) daṇḍaṃ nṛpatiḥ paśurakṣiṇām || |

If the cattle do damage to unfenced crops on that (common), the king shall in that case not punish the herdsmen.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

वृतिं तत्र प्रकुर्वीत) याम् उष्त्रो न विलोकयेत्) । छिद्रं च वारयेत्) सर्वं श्वसूकरमुखानुगम् ॥

vṛtiṃ tatra prakurvīta) yām uṣtro na vilokayet) | chidraṃ ca vārayet) sarvaṃ śva.sūkaramukhānugam ||

(The owner of the field) shall make there a hedge over which a camel cannot look, and stop

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.

पथि क्षेत्रे परिवृते) ग्रामान्तीये ऽअथ वा पुनः । सपालः शतदण्डअर्हो विपालान् वारयेत्) पशून् ॥

pathi kṣetre parivṛte) grāmāntīye 'atha vā punaḥ | sa.pālaḥ śatadaṇḍa.arho vipālān vārayet) paśūn ||

(If cattle do mischief) in an enclosed field near a highway or near a village, the herdsman shall be fined one hundred (paṇas); (but cattle), unattended by a herdsman, (the watchman in the field) shall drive away.

Translated by Georg BühlerFrom an unproofread scan of the printed edition; spelling and line breaks may carry OCR errors.